Esoteric programming languages

Brainfuck is an esoteric programming language created in 1993 by Swiss student . Designed to be extremely minimalistic, the language consists of only eight simple commands, a data pointer, and an instruction pointer.

software language not aimed for serious use

right|thumb|Don Woods (programmer)|Don Woods, one of the authors of INTERCAL, in 2010 thumb|Jim Lyon, the other author of INTERCAL, in 2005

Malbolge () is a public-domain esoteric programming language invented by Ben Olmstead in 1998, named after the eighth circle of hell in Dante's Inferno, the Malebolge. It was specifically designed to be almost impossible to use, via a counter-intuitive "crazy operation", base-three arithmetic, and self-altering code. It builds on the difficulty of earlier challenging esoteric languages (such as Brainfuck and Befunge) but exaggerates this aspect to an extreme degree, playing on the entangled histories of computer science and encryption. Despite this design, it is possible to write useful Malbol

esoteric programming language

LOLCODE is an esoteric programming language inspired by lolspeak, the language expressed in examples of the lolcat Internet meme. The language was created in 2007 by Adam Lindsay, a researcher at the Computing Department of Lancaster University.

Befunge is a two-dimensional stack-based, reflective, esoteric programming language. It differs from conventional languages in that programs are arranged on a two-dimensional grid. "Arrow" instructions direct the control flow to the left, right, up or down, and loops are constructed by sending the control flow in a cycle. It has been described as "a cross between Forth and Lemmings".

visual programming language

esoteric programming language designed by Jon Åslund and Karl Hasselström

FRACTRAN is a Turing-complete esoteric programming language invented by the mathematician John Conway. A FRACTRAN program is an ordered list of positive fractions together with an initial positive integer input n. The program is run by updating the integer n as follows: for the first fraction f in the list for which nf is an integer, replace n by nf repeat this rule until no fraction in the list produces an integer when multiplied by n, then halt.

abstract machine that uses only one instruction

Unlambda is a minimal, "nearly pure" functional programming language invented by David Madore. It is based on combinatory logic, an expression system without the lambda operator or free variables. It relies mainly on two built-in functions (s and k) and an apply operator (written `, the backquote character). These alone make it Turing-complete, but there are also some input/output (I/O) functions to enable interacting with the user, some shortcut functions, and a lazy evaluation function. Variables are unsupported.

JSFuck is an esoteric subset of JavaScript, where code is written using only six characters: [, ], (, ), !, and +. The name is derived from Brainfuck, an esoteric programming language that also uses a minimalistic alphabet of only punctuation. Unlike Brainfuck, which requires its own compiler or interpreter, JSFuck is valid JavaScript code, meaning that JSFuck programs can be run in any web browser or engine that interprets JavaScript. JSFuck is able to recreate all JavaScript functionality using such a limited set of characters because JavaScript allows the evaluation of any expression as any