Ethno-cultural designations

Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah. They traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly interrelated, as Judaism is an ethnic religion, though many ethnic Jews do not practice it. Religious Jews regard converts to Judaism as members of the Jewish nation, pursuant to the long-standing conversion process.

Aryan (), or Arya (borrowed from Sanskrit ārya), is a term originating from the ethno-cultural self-designation of the Indo-Iranians. It stood in contrast to nearby outsiders, whom they designated as non-Aryan (). In ancient India, the term was used by the Indo-Aryan peoples of the Vedic period, both as an endonym and in reference to a region called Aryavarta (), where their culture emerged. Similarly, according to the Avesta, the Iranian peoples used the term to designate themselves as an ethnic group and to refer to a region called Airyanem Vaejah (), which was their mythical homeland. The w

Bengalis ( ), also rendered as endonym Bangalee, are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the Bengal region of South Asia. The current population is divided between the sovereign country Bangladesh and the Indian regions of West Bengal, Tripura, Barak Valley of Assam, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and parts of Meghalaya, Manipur and Jharkhand. Most speak Bengali, a classical language from the Indo-Aryan language family.

right|thumb|Depiction of Saracens (Muslims) by Dutch artist [[Erhard Reuwich, 1486]] The word "Saracen" ( ) was commonly used in medieval Europe to refer to a person who lived in or near what the ancient Romans knew as Arabia Petraea and Arabia Deserta. Its original meaning in Greek and Latin is not known with certainty. By the early medieval period, it had come to be associated with the Arabian tribes. Following the rise of Islam, which occurred in Arabia, the word's definition evolved to refer not only to Arabs, but to Muslims taken generally as well. It eventually became the standard adject

Kāfir (; ) is an Islamic term of Arabic origin used by Muslims to refer to non-Muslims who deny the God in Islam, reject his authority, and do not accept the message of Islam as truth.

Goy (pl: goyim or goys) is a term for a gentile, a non-Jew, sometimes in a pejorative sense. The word, of Hebrew origin, was adopted into English from Yiddish. It carries a similar meaning in Modern Hebrew.

marital status; person not in a marital relationship

ethnic group in the territory of the former Yugoslavia

Gringo (, , ) (masculine) or gringa (feminine) is a term in Spanish and Portuguese for a foreigner. In Spanish, the term usually refers to English-speaking Anglo-Americans. There are differences in meaning depending on region and country. The term can be considered derogatory,English dictionaries: Spanish dictionaries:

thumb|upright=1.1|right|The Swahili coast thumb|The Bantu people|Bantu inhabited areas

thumb|Maps showing the archaeological cultures of Greenland, Labrador, Newfoundland and the Canadian arctic islands in the years 900, 1100, 1300 and 1500. The green colour shows the [[Dorset Culture, blue the Thule Culture, red Norse Culture, yellow Innu and orange Beothuk]] ' (Old Norse and , plural ') is the name the Norse Greenlanders used for the peoples they encountered in North America (Canada and Greenland). In surviving sources, it is first applied to the Thule people, the proto-Inuit group with whom the Norse coexisted in Greenland after about the 13th century. In the Icelandic sagas,

thumb|Māori and Pākehā boys at school swimming pool, Auckland, 1970 Pākehā (or Pakeha; ; ) is a Māori-language word used in English, particularly in New Zealand. It generally means a non-Polynesian New Zealander or more specifically a European New Zealander. It is not a legal term and has no definition under New Zealand law. '''''Papa'a''''' has a similar meaning in Cook Islands Māori.

Gentile () is a word that today usually means someone who is not Jewish. Other groups that also claim Israelite heritage, notably Mormons, have historically used the term gentile to describe outsiders. More rarely, the term is used as a synonym for pagan. As a term used to describe non-members of a religious/ethnic group, gentile is sometimes compared to other words used to describe the "outgroup" in other cultures (see List of terms for ethnic out-groups).

thumb|A letter sent into Qajar Iran|Iran from the [[Ottoman Empire in 1839, with Keshvâr-e ʿAjam () referring to Iranian lands.]]

Mawlā (; , plural mawālī ; ), is a polysemous Arabic word, whose meaning varied in different periods and contexts.

Mleccha () is a Sanskrit term referring to those of an incomprehensible speech, foreigners or invaders deemed distinct and separate from the Vedic tribes. In Vedic Brahmanical discourse, the term is used to refer to foreigners (anārya-s) who were considered outside the realms of Vedic dharma.

thumb|Depiction of farang as a stone guard at Wat Pho in [[Bangkok; circa 1824–1851]]

is a Japanese word for foreigners and non-Japanese citizens in Japan, specifically being applied to foreigners of non-Japanese ethnicity and those from the Japanese diaspora who are not Japanese citizens. The word is composed of two kanji: and . Similarly composed words that refer to foreign things include and . Though the term can be applied to all foreigners of non-Japanese citizenship and ethnicity, some non-Japanese East Asians may have specific terminology used instead.

thumb|Théodore Géricault: The Giaour (1820, lithograph; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)]] thumb|Eugène Delacroix: The Combat of the Giaour and Hassan (1826, oil on canvas; [[Art Institute of Chicago), inspired by Lord Byron's The Giaour]]

In Romani culture, a gorja, gadjo (masculine), or gadji (feminine) is a person who has no Romanipen. This usually corresponds to not being an ethnic Romani, but it can also refer to an ethnic Romani who does not live within Romani society. The term is often used by Romanis to address or denote outsider neighbors living within or very near their community.

'''' is a Japanese language term used to refer to a person born in Japan with half Asian and half non-Asian ancestry. The word can also be used to describe anyone with mixed-racial ancestry in general. As many consider Japan to be one of the most homogeneous societies on the planet, children who have one non-Asian parent are called hāfu Japanese and often face prejudice and discrimination from Japanese citizens of full Asian descent. Hāfu'' individuals are well represented in Japanese media and abroad, and according to estimates from Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in the 2010s,

Hagarenes ( , or , ) is a term widely used by early Syriac, Greek, Coptic and Armenian sources to describe the early Arab conquerors of Mesopotamia, Syria and Egypt.

Redskin is a slang term for Native Americans in the United States and First Nations in Canada. The term redskin underwent pejoration through the 19th to early 20th centuries and in contemporary dictionaries of American English, it is labeled as offensive, disparaging, or insulting. Although the term has almost disappeared from contemporary use, it remains in use as a sports team name. The most prominent was the NFL's Washington Redskins, who resisted decades of opposition before retiring the name in 2020 following renewed attention to racial justice in the wake of the murder of George Flo

Frangistan () was a term used by Easterners and Persians in particular, during the Middle Ages and later historical periods to refer to Western or Latin Europe.

Hokkien racial slur for white people

Anērān (Middle Persian, ) or Anīrân (Modern Persian, ) is an ethno-linguistic term that signifies "non-Iranian" or "non-Iran" (non-Aryan). Thus, in a general sense, 'Aniran' signifies lands where Iranian languages are not spoken. In a pejorative sense, it denotes "a political and religious enemy of Iran and Zoroastrianism."

Palagi (, singular) or papalagi (plural) is a term in Samoan culture of uncertain etymology, sometimes used to describe foreigners.

people of the Land

'''''' (plural: ) is a Dutch word (from , from and ), literally meaning "emerging from another soil". It is the opposite of the word (in English "autochthonous" or "autochthon"; from Greek , from and again ), literally meaning "emerging from this soil".

Nirankari (, lit. "formless one") is a sect of Sikhism. It was a reform movement founded by Baba Dyal Das in northwest Punjab in 1851. He sought to restore the practices and beliefs of Sikhs back to what he believed were prevalent when Guru Nanak was alive. This movement emerged in the aftermath of the end of Sikh Empire and the Sikh history after Ranjit Singh's death.

Hapa () is a Hawaiian word for someone of multiracial ancestry. In Hawaii, the word refers to any person of mixed ethnic heritage, regardless of the specific mixture. The term is used for any multiracial person of partial East Asian, Southeast Asian, or Pacific Islander mixture in California. In what can be characterized as trans-cultural diffusion or the wave model, this latter usage has also spread to Massachusetts, Ohio, and Oregon. Both uses are concurrent.

historical term for Balkan Muslims of any ethnic background

A Béké are the white Creoles descended from the first European, usually French, settlers and planters mainly in Martinique, but also in Guadeloupe. The Békés are less than one percent of the population on both islands, numbering 3,000 on Martinique and 2,000 on Guadeloupe, yet they control much of the local industry.

In the Spanish language, the word ' ( ') describes foreigners of different national origins in the history of Spain. The word originated in Peninsular Spain as a derogatory term for French people and things, and in contemporary usage the term retains the initial meaning. However, in other Hispanophone countries, the word acquired a meaning similar to the word (a slur for light featured foreign tourists, especially those from northwest Europe) in Spain.