Existentialist concepts

thumb|right|262px|A souvenir seller in [[Moscow appears bored as she waits for customers.]]

thumb|

philosophical and spiritual question concerning the significance of living or existence in general

condition in social relationships

thumb|200px|right|Sisyphus, the symbol of the absurdity of existence, painting by [[Franz Stuck (1920)]]

Essence () has various meanings and uses for different thinkers and in different contexts. It is used in philosophy and theology as a designation for the property or set of properties or attributes that make an entity the entity it is or, expressed negatively, without which it would lose its identity. Essence is contrasted with accident, which is a property or attribute the entity has accidentally or contingently, but upon which its identity does not depend.

The '''' ( , ; ) is a concept in the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. In his 1883 book, Thus Spoke Zarathustra'' (), Nietzsche has his character Zarathustra posit the as a goal for humanity to set for itself. The represents a shift from otherworldly Christian values and manifests the grounded human ideal. Zarathustra proclaims the will of the to give meaning to life on planet Earth, and admonishes his audience to ignore those who promise other-worldly fulfillment.

theatrical genre

Absurdity is the state or condition of being unreasonable, meaningless, or so unsound as to be irrational. "Absurd" is the adjective used to describe absurdity, e.g., "Tyler and the boys laughed at the absurd situation." It derives from the Latin absurdum meaning "out of tune". Outside of music or acoustics, the term came to mean "out of harmony with reason". The Latin surdus means "deaf", implying stupidity. Absurdity is contrasted with being realistic or reasonable. In general usage, absurdity may be synonymous with nonsense, meaninglessness, fancifulness, foolishness, bizarreness, wildness.

thumb|262px|"Hours of anguish" (Julio Romero de Torres, 1904).

Logotherapy is a form of existential therapy developed by neurologist and psychiatrist Viktor Frankl. It is founded on the premise that the primary motivational force of individuals is to find meaning in life. Frankl describes it as "the Third Viennese School of Psychotherapy" along with Freud's psychoanalysis and Alfred Adler's individual psychology.

'''''' ( ; ) is a term in the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. Adopted from the ordinary German word meaning 'existence', Heidegger used it to refer to the mode of being that he believed is particular to human beings, who are aware of and must confront such issues as personhood, mortality, and the dilemma or paradox of living in relationship with other humans while being ultimately alone with oneself.

philosophical concept regarding infinite continuance of the universe

thumb|262px|The Scream (1893) by [[Edvard Munch represents his experience of "an infinite scream passing through nature."]]

thumb|An illustrative page rendered empty by absence of Plate III

alt=|thumb|upright=1.2|Engraving by Jusepe de Ribera depicting the melancholic and world-weary figure of a poet '''''' (; literally "world-pain") is a literary concept describing the feeling experienced by an individual who believes that reality can never satisfy the expectations of the mind, resulting in "a mood of weariness or sadness about life arising from the acute awareness of evil and suffering".

moment when individuals question whether their lives have meaning, purpose, or value, and are negatively impacted by the contemplation

In philosophy, ressentiment (; ) is one of the forms of resentment or hostility. The concept was of particular interest to some 19th-century thinkers, most notably Friedrich Nietzsche. According to their use, ressentiment is a sense of hostility directed toward an object that one identifies as the cause of one's frustration, that is, an assignment of blame for one's frustration. The sense of weakness or inferiority complex and perhaps even jealousy in the face of the "cause" generates a rejecting/justifying value system, or morality, which attacks or denies the perceived source of one's frustr

Self-deception or self-delusion is a process of denying or rationalizing away the relevance, significance, or importance of opposing evidence and logical argument. Self-deception involves convincing oneself of a truth (or lack of truth) so that one does not reveal any self-knowledge of the deception.

characteristics and key events that compose the essentials of human existence

terms representing a dichotomy/dialectic between rationality and emotion

Duplicity, fraud, or deception

antithesis to the Übermensch in Nietzschean philosophy

thumb|right|300px|The Conjurer (painting)|The Conjurer, by [[Hieronymus Bosch, shows the bending figure looking forward, steadily, intently, and with fixed attention, while the other figures in the painting look in various directions, some outside the painting.]]

concept in existential psychology and philosophy

In philosophy and anthropology, alterity is the state of being "other" or different (Latin alter). It describes the experience of encountering something or someone perceived as distinct from oneself or one's own group. The concept of alterity explores how we understand and relate to those who are seen as different, and how this "otherness" shapes identity and social relations. While rooted in academic discourse, the term is also increasingly used more broadly to describe anything outside of established norms or conventions.

central claim of existentialism formulated by Sartre

in religion and philosophy, the act of believing in or accepting something outside the boundaries of reason

concept in psychology

Apeirophobia () (from ) is the specific phobia of infinity, eternity, endlessness, or the uncountable and is also known as the fear of infinity, the fear of eternity, or the fear of endlessness, causing discomfort and sometimes panic attacks from intrusive thoughts of the infinity. It normally starts in adolescence or earlier and it is currently not known how it normally develops over time. Apeirophobia may be caused by existential dread about eternal life or oblivion following death. Due to this, it is often connected with thanatophobia (the phobia of death), chronophobia (the phobia of time

philosophical concept wherein one denies one's total freedom, instead choosing to behave as an inert object

Situation with unordinary experiences

In philosophy, facticity (, ) has multiple meanings — from "factuality" and "contingency" to the intractable conditions of human existence.

Thrownness () is a concept introduced by German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) to describe humans' individual existences as being 'thrown' (geworfen) into the world.

state of being present

interpretation of meaning in existentialism

thumb|right|alt=Image of Martin Heidegger|Martin Heidegger ' (or Ge-stell, translated as "Enframing" or "positioning'") is a German word used by twentieth-century German philosopher Martin Heidegger to describe what lies behind or beneath modern technology. Heidegger introduced the term in 1954 in The Question Concerning Technology, a text based on the lecture "The Framework" ("Das Gestell") first presented on December 1, 1949, in Bremen. It was derived from the root word stellen, which means "to put" or "to place" and combined with the German prefix Ge-, which denotes a form of "gathering" or

Double-mindedness is a concept used in theology and philosophy. In Christian theology, the term comes from the Bible in the Epistle of James, where the author exhorts the reader to avoid the self-deception that comes from being halfhearted in one's commitment to God. The Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard used the same term but made it refer to insincerity, egoism, or fear of punishment. The term was to help him develop his own systematic way to try to detect double-mindedness in himself.

Existentiell and existential are key terms in Martin Heidegger's early philosophy. Existentiell refers to the aspects of the world which are identifiable as particular delimited questions or issues, whereas existential refers to Being as such, which permeates all things, so to speak, and can not be delimited in such a way as to be susceptible to factual knowledge. In general it can be said that "existentiell" refers to a "what", a materially describable reality, whereas "existential" refers to structures inherent in any possible world. In other words, the term "existentiell" refers to an ontic

usage in the work of several authors of a phrase meant to suggest the universe is like a mystery with a solution