Extinct Islamic sects

The Azariqa () were an extremist branch of the Kharijites who followed the leadership of Nafi ibn al-Azraq. Adherents of Azraqism participated in an armed struggle against the rulers of the Umayyad Caliphate, and they declared those who avoided this duty infidels - kafirs - and allowed their murder. Nafi ibn al-Azraq even permitted the killing of women and children of his opponents. At the same time, the Azraqites did not extend the principle of killing “apostates” to Christians and Jews, since they believed that they did not betray the teachings of the prophets Jesus and Moses.

al-Ismāʿīliyya al-khāliṣa / al-Ismāʿīliyya al-wāqifa or Sevener () was a branch of Ismā'īlī Shīʻa. They broke off from the more numerous Twelvers after the death of Jafar al-Sadiq in 765 AD. They became known as "Seveners" because they believed that Isma'il ibn Ja'far was the seventh and last Imam (hereditary leader of the Muslim community in the direct line of Ali). They believed his son, Muhammad ibn Isma'il, would return and bring about an age of justice as Mahdi. Their most well-known and active branch were the Qarmatians.

Branch of Mustaali Ismailism

The Ghurabiyya Shi‘a were a ghulat sect of Shi‘a Islam. They are one of the best known of a few extremist Shi‘i sects who adopted the belief that the angel Gabriel was mistaken when passing on the prophecy to Muhammad instead of Ali.

Shabakism was the religious tradition of the Shabaks, a people native to the Nineveh Plains in Iraq. Shabakism was based on Ghulat, an extremist branch of Shia Islam, and had influences from other religions. Shabakism emerged during the 16th century and declined in the 20th century.

The Fathites, also Aftahiyya or Fathiyya (), are a now-extinct branch of Shia Islam, who were supporters of Abdallah al-Aftah, believing him to be the imam after the death of his father Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth imam of Shiism, in 765 CE. Abdallah's inheritance of the imamate was contested, with varying stories stating that either that he died within 70 days of his father, or that he was not sufficiently competent.