Fergana Oblast

300px|thumb|Detailed French map of 1882, showing position of Osh (here spelled "Osch", slightly right of centre, beside the Uzbek city of Andijan|"Andidjâne") in the [[Fergana valley]] Osh (, , ) is the second-largest city in Kyrgyzstan, located in the Fergana Valley in the south of the country. It is often referred to as the "capital of the south". It is the oldest city in the country (estimated by UNESCO to be more than 3,000 years old) and has served as the administrative center of Osh Region since 1939. The city has an ethnically mixed population of 322,164 , comprising Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Ukr

Fergana (; , ) is a district-level city and the capital of Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan. Fergana is about east of Tashkent, about 75 km southwest of Andijan, and less than from the Kyrgyzstan border. The modern city was founded in 1876.

Andijan ( ), also spelt Andijon () and formerly romanized as Andizhan ( ), is a city in Uzbekistan. It is the administrative, economic, and cultural center of Andijan Region. Andijan is a district-level city with an area of . Andijan is the most densely populated city with density of 10,000 people/km2 and it had 747,800 inhabitants in 2024. Andijan is located in a tense border region at the south-eastern edge of the Fergana Valley near Uzbekistan's border with Kyrgyzstan.

Kokand ( ) is a city in Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southwestern edge of the Fergana Valley. Administratively, Kokand is a district-level city, that includes the urban-type settlement Muqimiy. The population of Kokand was approximately 259,700. The city lies southeast of Tashkent, west of Andijan, and west of Fergana. It is nicknamed "City of Winds".

Namangan is a district-level city in eastern Uzbekistan. It is the administrative, economic, and cultural center of Namangan Region. Namangan is located in the northern edge of the Fergana Valley, less than 30 km from the border with Kyrgyzstan. The city is served by Namangan Airport.

oblast of the Russian Empire (1876-1917)