Fermions

thumb|upright=1.6|Fermions form one of the two fundamental classes of subatomic particle, the other being [[bosons. All subatomic particles must be one or the other. A composite particle (hadron) may fall into either class depending on its composition.]] In particle physics, a fermion is a subatomic particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics. Fermions have a half-integer spin (spin , spin , etc.) and obey the Pauli exclusion principle. These particles include all quarks and leptons and all composite particles made of an odd number of these, such as all baryons and many atoms and nuclei. Ferm

relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation

fermion that is its own antiparticle

In supersymmetry, the neutralino is a hypothetical particle. In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), a popular model of realization of supersymmetry at a low energy, there are four neutralinos that are fermions and are electrically neutral, the lightest of which is stable in an R-parity conserved scenario of MSSM. They are typically labeled (the lightest), , and (the heaviest) although sometimes \tilde{\chi}_1^0, \ldots, \tilde{\chi}_4^0 is also used when \tilde{\chi}_i^\pm is used to refer to charginos.

In the particle physics theory of supersymmetry, a gluino (symbol ) is the hypothetical supersymmetric partner of a gluon.

In supergravity theories combining general relativity and supersymmetry, the gravitino () is the gauge fermion supersymmetric partner of the hypothesized graviton. It has been suggested as a candidate for dark matter.

The axino is a hypothetical elementary particle predicted by some theories of particle physics. Peccei–Quinn theory attempts to explain the observed phenomenon known as the strong CP problem by introducing a hypothetical real scalar particle called the axion. Adding supersymmetry to the model predicts the existence of a fermionic superpartner for the axion, the axino, and a bosonic superpartner, the saxion. They are all bundled up in a chiral superfield.

fermion which is different from its antiparticle

quantum account of metals and other matter in terms of interacting fermions

In particle physics, for models with N = 1 supersymmetry, a higgsino, symbol , is the superpartner of the Higgs field. A higgsino is a Dirac fermionic field with spin and it refers to a weak isodoublet with hypercharge half under the Standard Model gauge symmetries. After electroweak symmetry breaking higgsino fields linearly mix with U(1) and SU(2) gauginos leading to four neutralinos and two charginos that refer to physical particles. While the two charginos are charged Dirac fermions (plus and minus each), the neutralinos are electrically neutral Majorana fermions. In an R-parity-conserving

intermetallic compound with 4f and 5f electrons in unfilled electron bands

relativistic wave equation describing the propagation of a free spin 1½ particle