Feudalism in England

400px|thumb|right|The entry for 827 (sic#recte|recte 829) in manuscript C of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which lists the eight bretwaldas (shown as bretenanwealda in this manuscript) Bretwalda is an Old English word meaning 'ruler of Britain'. It is only recorded in the late 9th-century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry for the year 829. It is given to some of the rulers of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms from the 5th century onwards who had achieved overlordship of some or all of the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.

Legislation passed by Henry II restricting Church power

Escheat () is a common law doctrine that transfers the real property of a person who has died without heirs to the crown or state. It serves to ensure that property is not left in "limbo" without recognized ownership. It originally applied to a number of situations where a legal interest in land was destroyed by operation of law, so that the ownership of the land reverted to the immediately superior feudal lord.

In English law, seignory or seigniory, spelled signiory in Early Modern English (; , ; ), refers to the rights which a grantor retains after the grant of an estate in fee simple.

senior official with local responsibilities under the Crown

Copyhold was a form of customary land ownership common from the Late Middle Ages into modern times in England. The name for this type of land tenure is derived from the act of giving a copy of the relevant title deed that is recorded in the manorial court roll to the tenant, rather than the actual land deed itself. The legal owner of the manor land remained the mesne lord, who was legally the copyholder, according to the titles and customs written down in the manorial roll. In return for being given land, a copyhold tenant was required to carry out specific manorial duties or services. The spe

social and economic system of the later Middle Ages

Alleged oppression of the English by the Normans