Firing techniques

thumb|upright|A double oven thumb|A ceramic oven

upright=1.2|thumb|Modern ceramic wood-fired tandoors

type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals

thumb|The inside of a typical smithy in Finland thumb|Wooden smithy built in 1726 in Opole, Upper Silesia, Poland thumb|A smithy built around 1880 in Mērsrags, [[Courland, Latvia currently located at The Ethnographic Open-Air Museum of Latvia]]

kiln used for the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate) to produce the form of lime called quicklime (calcium oxide)

thumb|Large bricks on a conveyor belt in a modern European factory setting A brickworks, also known as a brick factory, is a factory for the manufacturing of bricks, from clay or shale. Usually a brickworks is located on a clay bedrock (the most common material from which bricks are made), often with a quarry for clay on site. In earlier times bricks were made at brickfields, which would be returned to agricultural use after the clay layer was exhausted.

thumb|Electric phosphate smelting furnace in a Tennessee Valley Authority|TVA [[chemical plant (1942)]]

thumb|A glassworker blows air into the glass, creating a cavity inside.

thumb|200px| 16th century cupellation furnaces (per Georgius Agricola|Agricola)

type of steel

plant for steelmaking

thumb|300px|The Iron Foundry, Burmeister & Wain, by [[Peder Severin Krøyer, 1885]] thumbnail|A Foundryman, pictured by Daniel A. Wehrschmidt in 1899 A foundry is a factory that produces metal castings. Metals are cast into shapes by melting them into a liquid, pouring the metal into a mold, and removing the mold material after the metal has solidified as it cools. The most common metals processed are aluminium and cast iron. However, other metals, such as bronze, brass, steel, magnesium, and zinc, are also used to produce castings in foundries. In this process, parts of desired shapes and size

series of batch process kilns

thumb|upright=1.25|Swan-necked copper pot stills in the [[Glenfiddich distillery]] 250px|thumbnail|right|A still at Mackmyra Whisky|Mackmyra Whisky Distillery thumb|upright|Column still from [[Kilbeggan Distillery in County Westmeath in Ireland.]] A still is an apparatus used to distill liquid mixtures by heating to selectively boil and then cooling to condense the vapor. A still uses the same concepts as a basic distillation apparatus, but on a much larger scale. Stills have been used to produce perfume and medicine, water for injection (WFI) for pharmaceutical use, generally to separate and

oven consisting of a baking chamber made of fireproof brick, concrete, stone, clay, or cob

thumb|right|Pachamanca thumb|right|Pachamanca Pachamanca (from Quechua "earth", "pot") is a traditional Peruvian dish baked with the aid of hot stones. The earthen oven is known as a huatia. It is generally made of lamb, mutton, alpaca, llama, guanaco, vicuna, pork, beef, chicken, or guinea pig, marinated in herbs and spices. Other Andean produce, such as potato or chuño (naturally freeze-dried potato), habas (fresh green lima beans in pods), sweet potato, mashua, oca, ulluco, cassava, yacon, plantain, humitas (corn cakes), ears of corn, and chili, are often included in the baking.

type of clay kiln

Chicken Cooking style of Punjab in Clay oven

traditional Chinese form of kiln

pit to contain a fire

clay oven used in the Middle East to make bread

open-air brickworks