Category

Fixed points (mathematics)

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Nash equilibrium

solution concept of a non-cooperative game involving two or more players in which each player is assumed to know the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no player has anything to gain by changing only their own strategy

point that is left unchanged by a function

Minimax (sometimes Minmax, MM or saddle point) is a decision rule used in artificial intelligence, decision theory, combinatorial game theory, statistics, and philosophy for minimizing the possible loss for a worst case (maximum loss) scenario. When dealing with gains, it is referred to as "maximin" – to maximize the minimum gain. Originally formulated for several-player zero-sum game theory, covering both the cases where players take alternate moves and those where they make simultaneous moves, it has also been extended to more complex games and to general decision-making in the presence of u

Lotka–Volterra equations

first-order nonlinear differential equations, frequently used to describe the dynamics of biological systems in which two species interact, one as a predator and the other as prey

thumb|305px|Number of possible permutations and derangements of elements. ( factorial) is the number of -permutations; ( subfactorial) is the number of derangements – -permutations where all of the elements change their initial places.

hairy ball theorem

theorem which states that there is no nonvanishing continuous tangent vector field on even-dimensional n-spheres

contraction mapping

function reducing distance between all points

Thue–Morse sequence

an infinite binary sequence generated by repeated complementation and concatenation

function iteration

mathematical operation of composing a function with itself repeatedly

Weil conjectures

cycle detection

algorithmic problem

Knaster–Tarski theorem

theorem in order and lattice theory

local zeta function

function whose logarithmic derivative is a generating function for the number of solutions of a set of equations defined over a finite field

rotation number

invariant of homeomorphisms of the circle

common knowledge

in a mathematical game, a statement that players know and also know that other players know (ad infinitum)

fixed-point combinator

higher-order function y for which y f = f (y f)

mathematical constant related to the cosine function

Artin–Mazur zeta function

named after Michael Artin and Barry Mazur, a tool for studying the iterated functions that occur in dynamical systems and fractals

Branch of mathematics

rencontres numbers

mathematical concept

Lefschetz zeta function

Knaster–Kuratowski–Mazurkiewicz lemma

mathematical branch