Fluid dynamics

concept in fluid dynamics

medium to transfer power in hydraulic machinery

characteristic number for heat transfer into a body

reservoir to store and stabilise fluid pressure

quotient of the mean free path of a particle and a characteristic length

phenomenon occuring when liquid at high velocity discharges into a zone of lower velocity

characteristic number of heat transport in fluids

dimensionless ratio used in fluid dynamics

In vector calculus a solenoidal vector field is a vector field v with divergence zero at all points in the field:

for a fluid, quotient of kinematic viscosity and diffusion coefficient

used for open channel flows

dimensionless number describing oscillating flow mechanisms

In thermodynamics, superheating (sometimes referred to as boiling retardation, or boiling delay) is the phenomenon in which a liquid is heated to a temperature higher than its boiling point, without boiling. This is a so-called metastable state or metastate, where boiling might occur at any time, induced by external or internal effects. Superheating is achieved by heating a homogeneous substance in a clean container, free of nucleation sites, while taking care not to disturb the liquid.

region of recirculating flow immediately behind a moving or stationary solid body

thumb|right|300px|Density lines and isobar (meteorology)|isobars cross vertically in a baroclinic fluid. thumb|right|300px| Visualization of a (fictive) formation of isotherms (red-orange) and isobars (blue) in a baroclinic atmospheric layering. thumb|right|upright=1.2|A rotating tank experiment modelling baroclinic eddies in the atmosphere In fluid dynamics, the baroclinity (often called baroclinicity) of a stratified fluid is a measure of how misaligned the gradient of pressure is from the gradient of density in a fluid. In meteorology, a baroclinic flow is one in which the density depends o

measure of a channel flow efficiency

dimensionless caracteristic number used in fluid mechanics, defined as the ratio of pressure forces and inertial forces used to characterize losses in a moving fluid

dimensionless number in fluid mechanics that is often useful in analysing fluid flows where there is an interface between two different fluids

In chemistry, the study of sonochemistry is concerned with understanding the effect of ultrasound in forming acoustic cavitation in liquids, resulting in the initiation or enhancement of the chemical activity in the solution. Therefore, the chemical effects of ultrasound do not come from a direct interaction of the ultrasonic sound wave with the molecules in the solution.

long-term experiment which measures the flow of a piece of pitch

fluid instability that occurs when there is velocity shear in a single continuous fluid or a velocity difference across the interface between two fluids

thumb thumb|TecFluid-CG34-2500 for water flow measurement thumb|Medical oxygen regulator with rotameter thumb|Multi-gas flowmeter A rotameter is a device that measures the volumetric flow rate of fluid in a closed tube.

aerodynamic phenomenon

indicator of atmospheric instability used in meteorology

wave traveling along the phase boundary of a fluid, whose dynamics and phase velocity are dominated by the effects of surface tension

point in a flow field where the local velocity of the fluid is zero

OpenFOAM (Open Field Operation And Manipulation) is a C++ toolbox for the development of customized numerical solvers, and pre-/post-processing utilities for the solution of continuum mechanics problems, most prominently including computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

quotient of thermal diffusivity and diffusion coefficient for a fluid

characteristic number of a falling body proportional to the quotient of potential and kinetic energy

physical force from a pressure differential

Graph used in fluid dynamics

the detachment of a boundary layer from a surface into a wake

characteristic number of fluid films flowing over walls

characteristic number in fluid dynamics

time rate of change of a physical quantity in a moving medium

fluid whose density is a function of pressure only

thumb|300px|An object (black) encounters a liquid (blue) at high speed. The fluid pressure behind the object is lowered below the vapour pressure of the liquid, forming a bubble of vapour (a cavity) that encompasses the object and reduces drag.

theorem

quotient of relaxation time and observation time of viscoelastic fluids

stream of fluid projected into the surrounding medium

velocity field as the gradient of a scalar function

unstable behavior of two contacting fluids of different densities

net transport of surface water perpendicular to wind direction

thumb|upright=1.2|Impeller from a three-stage air compressor An impeller, or impellor, is a driven rotor used to increase the pressure and flow of a fluid. It is the opposite of a turbine, which extracts energy from, and reduces the pressure of, a flowing fluid.

underwater current of usually rapidly moving, sediment-laden water moving down a slope

dimensionless numbers used in chemical engineering

dimensionless ratio of viscous to Coriolis forces

thumb|350x350px|Plot of shear rate as a function of the shear stress. Dilatants in green. A dilatant (, ) (also termed shear thickening) material is one in which viscosity increases with the rate of shear strain. Such a shear thickening fluid, also known by the initialism STF, is an example of a non-Newtonian fluid. This behaviour is usually not observed in pure materials, but can occur in suspensions.

mean flow velocity of steady, turbulent open channel flow

characteristic number for the relation between heat transfer though a surface into a fluid to heat transfer by convection

pressure at a point of zero velocity within a fluid flow

characteristic number for particles in a fluid or plasma

characteristic number for bubbles or drops in a liquid or gas, respectively, under the influence of gravitational an viscous forces

fluid flow where advective inertial forces are small compared with viscous forces

very small amount of fluid, identifiable throughout its dynamic history while moving with the fluid flow

swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid is in a turbulent flow regime

scaled density difference of two fluids

3D generalization of the Leibniz integral rule

characteristic number of flows in curved pipes

concept in physics