Forest ecology

Rainforests are forests characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforests can generally be classified as tropical rainforests or temperate rainforests, but other types have been described.

thumb|A freshwater swamp in Florida, [[United States]]

small remaining portion of a tree trunk with the roots still in the ground

edge of the habitat at which trees are capable of growing

thumb|upright=1.25|An afforestation project in Rand Wood, Lincolnshire, [[England (this patch was open ground before)]]

portion of a plant community or crop formed by plant crowns

Type of subtropical forest made of trees that have laurel-like leaves (evergreen, broad, lanceolate, shiny)

thumb|Lesser celandine (Ficaria verna) on forest floor in spring

scientific study and subfield of ecology around forest ecosystems

first species to colonize or inhabite damaged ecosystems

ecosystem found in mountainous region

forest that has re-grown after a timber harvest and is very different in structure from the original forest

fallen dead trees and the remains of large branches on the ground in forests, rivers, or wetlands

phenomenon in which the crowns of fully stocked trees do not touch each other

forest in Israel

forest area of distinct characteristics (e.g. species composition, habitat type, age, height)

forest where oak predominates

thumb|Krummholz Pinus albicaulis in [[Wenatchee National Forest in north-central Washington, United States]] thumb|Wind-sculpted krummholz trees, Brian Booth State Park|Ona Beach, [[Oregon, United States]]

thumb|Windsnap in the Bavarian Forest National Park thumb|An old dried out windthrow. Ystad. thumb|right|A large-scale event in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. thumb|Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola windsnapped by [[Hurricane Irma.]] thumb|Young Picea abies|spruce group marginal windthrow area twelve years after Kyrill thumb|Video of windthrow in Tammneeme, Estonia

precipitation that is intercepted by vegetation before reaching the soil

tree which, because of its great age, size or condition, or historical connection, is of exceptional cultural, landscape or nature conservation value

soil horizon

type of forest dominated by pine species

stand of trees in the Amazon Rainforest consisting of a single species, Duroia hirsuta

transition zone from an area of woodland or forest to fields or other open spaces

The cross-sectional area of tree stems usually reported as the sum of all trees within a stand on a relative area basis

loss of biological wealth of a forest

scientific discipline concerned with natural processes involving fire in an ecosystem and the ecological effects

plants that can grow in low light conditions

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dead or dying tree that is still standing

American Ecologist

vertical arrangement of vegetation in layers

measure of forest canopy coverage

Biotic and abiotic ecosystem influences

redevelopment of an encology after an event that changes it radically

type of forest originated from seed or from planted seedlings. In contrast to a low forest

forest made up of bamboo

spruce forest

seed trees are trees left after reproduction cutting to provide seeds for natural regeneration in the seed-tree method