Forest pathology

rain that is unusually acidic

thumb|Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil's [[Maranhão state, 2016]] thumb|Deforestation in Riau province, Sumatra, Indonesia to make way for an [[oil palm plantation in 2007.]] thumb|Deforestation in the city of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil's Rio de Janeiro state, 2009

non-native organism causing damage to an established environment

minimum amount of water in the soil that the plant requires not to wilt

stand of trees displaced from their normal vertical alignment

stand of trees losing health and dying

species of fungus

subfield of forestry and plant pathology

plant defense mechanism against wood-decay pathogens