Former colonial capitals in Canada

Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a 2021 Census population of 2,794,356, the city is the fourth-most populous city in North America. Toronto is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe, an urban agglomeration surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario with an estimated population of 11,198,136 in 2025. As of 2025, the Toronto census metropolitan area had an estimated population of 7,106,379. Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, sports, and culture, and is recognized as one of the most multicultural an

Montreal () is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest in Canada, and the eighth-largest city in North America. Founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary", it now takes its name from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked mountain around which the early settlement was built. The city is centred on the Island of Montreal and a few, much smaller, peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard. It lies east of the national capital, Ottawa, and southwest of the provincial capital, Quebec City.

capital city of the province of Quebec, Canada

capital city of the province of British Columbia, Canada

capital and largest city of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Fredericton (; ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the Saint John River, also known by its Indigenous name of Wolastoq, which flows west to east as it bisects the city. The river is the dominant natural feature of the area. One of the main urban centres in New Brunswick, as of 2026, according to the city's update on building development, it has a population of approximately 79,000 with the metropolitan population in 2025 estimated at 125,303. It is the third-largest city in the province, after M

Charlottetown is the capital and largest city of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, and the county seat of Queens County. Named after Queen Charlotte, Charlottetown was an unincorporated town until it was incorporated as a city in 1855.

city in Ontario, Canada

city in British Columbia, Canada

community in Nova Scotia, Canada

thumb|right|The Court House, a Shaw Festival theatre and [[Parks Canada headquarters of Niagara National Historic Sites, built in 1847.]] thumb|right|St. Mark's Church (Niagara-on-the-Lake)|St. Mark's Church, built in 1809, founded in 1791

fort on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia

human settlement in British Columbia, Canada

former settlement, part of the French colony of Acadia, on the site of modern-day Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia