Former kingdoms

Cheng-Han (; 303 or 304 – 347) was a dynastic state of China listed as one of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Chinese historiography. Ruled by the Li clan of the Ba-Di people, its territory was based in what is modern-day Sichuan Province, China. The name Cheng-Han collectively refers to the state of Cheng (成; Chéng) or Dacheng (大成; Dàchéng), founded by Li Xiong in 304 (or by Li Te in 303) and the state of Han (漢; Hàn) founded by Li Shou in 338. The state is also less commonly known as Later Shu (後蜀; Hòu Shǔ).

former Kingdom from 872 to 1397

former country

pre-colonial African state, during approximately the 16th to 19th centuries

former country

former country

thumb|The Akkadian Empire under Naram-Sin, Subartu is shown north.

Bad-tibira (also Patibira) (Sumerian: , bad3-tibiraki) was an ancient Sumerian city dating back to the Early Dynastic period, which appears among antediluvian cities in the Sumerian King List. In the earliest days of Akkadian language studies its name was mistakenly read as Dûr-gurgurri. Its location is believed to be at modern Tell al-Madineh (also Tell Madineh and Tell al-Mada’in), between Ash Shatrah and Tell as-Senkereh (ancient Larsa) and 25 km southwest of ancient Girsu in southern Iraq. This proposal is based on unprovenanced illegally excavated inscriptions which were said to have come

crownland of the Habsburg monarchy between 1718–1739

Zhangzhung or Shangshung was an ancient kingdom in western and northwestern Tibet, existing from about 500 BC to 625 AD, pre-dating Tibetan Buddhism. The Zhangzhung culture is associated with the Bon religion, which has influenced the philosophies and practices of Tibetan Buddhism. Zhangzhung people are mentioned frequently in ancient Tibetan texts as the original rulers of today's western Tibet. Only in the last two decades have archaeologists been given access to do field work in the areas once ruled by the Zhangzhung.

which preceded Portuguese rule

Chinese rebel state (1851 to 1864)

former client state of the U.K. in the French Revolutionary era

former country

historical region and ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of central India

Akshak (Sumerian: , akšak) (pre-Sargonic - u4kúsu.KI, Ur III - akúsu.KI, Phonetic - ak-su-wa-ak) was a city of ancient Sumer, situated on the northern boundary of Akkad, sometimes identified with Babylonian Upi (Greek Opis). It is known, based on an inscription "‘Ur-kisala, the sangu-priest of Sin of Akshak, son of Na-ti, pasisu-priest of Sin to Salam presented [this statue]." that there was a temple of the god Sin in Akshak.

ancient Sichuanese kingdom

Canaanite royal city

former country

Haripuñjaya (Central and Northern Thai: , also spelled Haribhuñjaya) was a ancient Mon kingdom in what is now Northern Thailand, existing from the 7th or 8th to 13th century CE. Its capital was at Lamphun, which at the time was also called Haripuñjaya. In 1292 the city was besieged and captured by Mangrai of the Tai kingdom of Lan Na.

former country

former country

series of medieval kingdoms founded and dominated by northern European tribes (primarily Germanic) after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476

thumb|View from Mount Bental/Tal Al-Gharam|Mount BentalBashan (; ; or Basanitis) is the ancient, biblical name used for the northernmost region of Transjordan during the Iron Age. It is situated in modern-day Jordan and Syria. Its western part, nowadays known as the Golan Heights, is occupied by Israel during the 1967 Six Day War.

Vatsa or Vamsa (, Pali and Ardhamagadhi: , , literally "calf") was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas (great kingdoms) of Uttarapatha of ancient India mentioned in the Aṅguttara Nikāya.

Venezuela and Colombia in the Spanish Empire (1538-1717)

1953-1970 monarchy in Southeast Asia

one of the Ten Kingdoms of 10th-century China, centered on Guangdong Province

kingdom in Southwestern Europe between 1242 and 1910

former country in the Arabian Peninsula

1811-1820 in the Caribbean

The Kingdom of Awsan, commonly known simply as Awsan (; ), was a kingdom in Ancient South Arabia, centered around a wadi called the Wadi Markha. The wadi remains archaeologically unexplored. The name of the capital of Awsan is unknown, but it is assumed to be the tell that is today known as Hagar Yahirr (locally named Ḥajar Asfal), the largest settlement in the wadi. Hagar Yahirr was 15 hectares and surrounded by an irrigated area of nearly 7,000 hectares, indicating that it was a formidable power in its time. The main god of Awsan was called Balu (blw).

Napoleonic client state (1808–1813)

Medieval kingdom and later princely state on the Malabar Coast, South India

one of the Ten Kingdoms in 10th-century China

Wuyue (; ) was a dynastic state of China and one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of Chinese history. It was ruled by the Qian clan of Haiyan (海鹽錢氏), whose family name remains widespread in the kingdom's former territory.

capital city of the pre-Columbian K'iche' Maya of highland Guatemala.

former sultanate in North Moluccan

kingdom on the island of Corsica (1736)

one of the 10 Kingdoms of 10th-century China, centered on Sichuan

dynasty

short-lived monarchy in Northern Europe (1814)

Urkesh, also transliterated Urkish (Akkadian: 𒌨𒆧𒆠 UR.KIŠKI, 𒌨𒋙𒀭𒄲𒆠 UR.KEŠ3KI; modern Tell Mozan; ), is a tell, or settlement mound, located in the foothills of the Taurus Mountains in Al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria. It was founded during the fourth millennium BC, possibly by the Hurrians, on a site which appears to have been inhabited previously for a few centuries. The city god of Urkesh was Kumarbi, father of Teshup.

period in the history of Assyria after the fall of the Old Assyrian Empire in the 1300s BC

Guge () was an ancient dynastic kingdom in Western Tibet. The kingdom was centered in present-day Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region. At various points in history after the 10th century AD, the kingdom held sway over a vast area including south-eastern Zanskar, Kinnaur district, and Spiti Valley, either by conquest or as tributaries. The ruins of the former capital of the Guge kingdom are located at Tsaparang in the Sutlej valley, not far from Mount Kailash and west from Lhasa.

client state of the Roman Republic from 37 BCE, when Herod the Great was appointed "King of the Jews" by the Roman Senate

1956-1957 monarchy in Northern Africa

former country

former country

former kingdom located in present-day western Nepal

region and tribes around Kosovo

Sinhalese kingdom in southwestern Sri Lanka from 1412 to 1597

pre-colonial (8th century (700s)–1889) Central African state that arose in the Upemba Depression

Arakan Kingdom

Diauehi (Modern , Urartian Diauehi, Greek Taochoi, Armenian Tayk, possibly Assyrian Daiaeni) was a tribal union located in northeastern Anatolia, that was recorded in Assyrian and Urartian sources during the Iron Age. It is usually (though not always) identified with the earlier Daiaeni (Dayaeni), attested in the Yonjalu inscription of the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser I's third year (1118 BC) and in later records by Shalmaneser III (845 BC). While it is unknown what language(s) they spoke, they may have been speakers of a Kartvelian, Armenian, Iranian, or Hurrian language.

archaeological site in Iraq

Zayyanid kingdom

defunct nineteenth-century kingdom in Indochina

Kakongo was a small kingdom located on the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, in the modern-day Republic of the Congo and Cabinda Province, Angola. In the 13th century, it formed part of a confederation led by Vungu. Along with its neighboring kingdoms of Ngoyo and Loango, Kakongo became an important political commercial center during the 17th through 19th centuries. The people speak a dialect of the Kikongo language and thus may be considered a part of the Bakongo ethnicity. Kakongo was a vassal of the Kingdom of Kongo for a part of its history.

thumb|Man of Gaochang (, [[Turfan) in Entrance of the foreign visitors (, 937–976 CE)]] Qocho or Kara-Khoja (), also known as Idiqut ("holy wealth"; "glory"; "lord of fortune"), was a Uyghur kingdom created in 843, with strong Chinese Buddhist and Tocharian influences. It was founded by refugees fleeing the destruction of the Uyghur Khaganate after being driven out by the Yenisei Kirghiz. They made their winter capital in Qocho (also called Gaochang or Qara-Khoja, near modern Turpan) and summer capital in Beshbalik (modern Jimsar County, also known as Tingzhou). Its population is referred to a