Fortifications

thumb|Castillo San Felipe del Morro, Puerto Rico. The fortress and walled city of [[Old San Juan are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.]]

300px|thumb|Enceinte of Khotyn Fortress in [[Ukraine.]] thumb|300px|The keep of [[Château de Vincennes protected by its own isolated enceinte.]] thumb|300px|Krak des Chevaliers, a concentric castle. Enceinte (from Latin incinctus "girdled, surrounded") is a French term that refers to the "main defensive enclosure of a fortification". For a castle, this is the main defensive line of wall towers and curtain walls enclosing the position. For a settlement, it would refer to the main town wall with its associated gatehouses, towers, and walls.

thumb|left|Feature 'f' is a hornwork thumb|right|Hornwork thumb|The Weber Church of [[Zittau inside a hornwork]] alt=Drawing, showing a hornwork, of the fortress Nya Älvsborg in Gothenburg, Sweden from 1811.|thumb|Drawing, showing a hornwork, of the fortress Nya Älvsborg in Gothenburg, Sweden from 1811. A hornwork is an element of the Italian bastion system of fortification. Its face is flanked with a pair of half-bastions. It is distinguished from a crownwork, because crownworks contain full bastions at their centers. They are both outworks.

thumb|17th century illustration showing a cross-section of the fortifications of Groenlo. From left to right: [[counterscarp, covertway, ditch, faussebraye and the main defensive wall.]] thumb|A place-of-arms on the covertway of Valletta

a small fortress primarily made of palisades and earth

thumb|Corfe Castle in [[Dorset was slighted in 1646 during the English Civil War. Parliament slighted or proposed to slight more than 100 buildings, including castles, town walls, abbeys, and houses.|alt=The shattered remains of a stone building, with two walls of a tower standing higher above the ruins.]] Slighting is the deliberate damage of high-status buildings to reduce their value as military, administrative, or social structures. This destruction of property is sometimes extended to the contents of buildings and the surrounding landscape. It is a phenomenon with complex motivations and

border demarcations or border defences and enclosures in Central Europe

archaeological site in Israel