Fortifications in Africa

historic moat in Nigeria

system of defensive walls and ditches located southwest of the Yoruba town of Ijebu Ode

thumb|Mirgissa, the ancient Egyptian Fortress in Wadi Halfa territory, before it drowned because of the Egyptian high dam thumb|right|Map of Mirgissa Mirgissa (originally Iken) was a settlement in Northern state, Sudan. Situated at the 2nd cataract in Wadi Halfa, it contained one of the largest fortresses in Nubia. In the time of Thutmose II, 250 to 450 people inhabited the area. The first European explorer was English geologist Sir Henry George Lyons in 1892, and was excavated without Sudanese permission, by the French Egyptologist Jean Vercoutter from 1962 to 1969. In addition to the fort, e

Shalfak (originally Waf-Chastiu, "subduing the foreign lands") is an Ancient Egyptian fortress once built up on the western shore of the Second Cataract of the Nile River on what is now an island in Lake Nubia in the north of Sudan.