Fossil taxa described in 2004

extinct species of hominid

genus of small tyrannosauroid dinosaur (fossil)

Rugops (meaning 'wrinkle face') is a monospecific genus of basal abelisaurid theropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous period (Cenomanian stage, approximately 95 million years ago) in what is now the Echkar Formation in Niger. The type and only species, Rugops primus, is known only from a partial skull. It was named and described in 2004 by Paul Sereno, Jeffery Wilson and Jack Conrad. Rugops has an estimated length of and weight of . The top of its skull bears several pits which correlates with overlaying scale and the front of the snout would have had an armour-like dermis.

Bonitasaura is a genus of titanosaurian dinosaur hailing from uppermost layers of the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) Bajo de la Carpa Formation, Neuquén Group of the eastern Neuquén Basin, located in Río Negro Province, Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. The remains, consisting of a partial sub-adult skeleton jumbled in a small area of fluvial sandstone, including a lower jaw with teeth, a partial vertebrae series, and limb bones, were described by Sebastian Apesteguía in 2004.

Atrociraptor () is a genus of dromaeosaurid dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now Alberta, Canada. The first specimen, a partial skull, was discovered in 1995 by the fossil collector Wayne Marshall in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, about from the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology where it was brought for preparation. In 2004, the specimen became the holotype of the new genus and species Atrociraptor marshalli; the generic name is Latin for "savage robber", and the specific name refers to Marshall. The holotype consists of the (frontmost bones of the upper jaw), a (

Prenoceratops, (meaning 'bent or prone-horned face' and derived from Greek prene-/πρηνη- meaning 'bent forwards' or 'prone', cerat-/κερατ- meaning 'horn' and -ops/ωψ meaning 'face') is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period. It was a relatively small dinosaur, reaching in length and in body mass. Its fossils have been found in the upper Two Medicine Formation in the present-day U.S. state of Montana, in Campanian age rock layers that have been dated to 74.3 million years ago. Fossils were also found in the Oldman Formation in the modern day Canadian provinc

Huaxiagnathus is an extinct genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China. The genus contains a single species, Huaxiagnathus orientalis, known from two immature individuals from the Yixian Formation. Huaxiagnathus may represent an earlier ontogenetic stage of the tyrannosauroid Sinotyrannus from the younger Jiufotang Formation.

Graciliraptor (meaning "graceful thief") is a genus of microraptorian dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the early Cretaceous Period. Its fossil, holotype IVPP V 13474, was found in Beipiao, Liaoning Province, China. The type species is Graciliraptor lujiatunensis, named and described in 2004 by Xu Xing and Wang Xiaoling. The generic name is derived from Latin gracilis (meaning "graceful") and raptor (meaning "thief"). The specific name refers to the village of Lujiatun where the fossil site is located.

Unaysaurus is a genus of herbivorous unaysaurid sauropodomorph dinosaur. Discovered in southern Brazil, in the geopark of Paleorrota, in 1998, and announced in a press conference on Thursday, December 3, 2004, it is one of the oldest dinosaurs known. It is closely related to plateosaurid dinosaurs found in Germany, which indicates that it was relatively easy for species to spread across the giant landmass of the time, the supercontinent of Pangaea. The fossils of Unaysaurus are well-preserved. They consist of an almost complete skull, including a lower jaw, and partial skeleton with many of th

Ekrixinatosaurus ('explosion-born reptile') is a genus of abelisaurid theropod which lived approximately 99 to 97 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period. Its fossils have been found in Argentina. Only one species is currently recognized, Ekrixinatosaurus novasi, from which the specific name honors Dr. Fernando Novas for his contributions to the study of abelisaurid theropods, while the genus name refers to the dynamiting of the holotype specimen. It was a large abelisaurid, measuring between in length and weighing .

Mirischia is an extinct genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur from the Albian stage (Early Cretaceous Period) of northeastern Brazil.

Khoratpithecus is an extinct genus of pongin primates that lived during the Late Miocene (7–9 million years ago) in Myanmar and Thailand.

Spinostropheus is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in the Middle Jurassic period and has been found in the Tiourarén Formation, Niger. The type and only species is S. gautieri.

Limaysaurus ("Limay lizard") is a genus of rebbachisaurid sauropod dinosaurs which lived during the late Cretaceous period, about 99.7 to 94 million years ago, in the Cenomanian, in what is now South America (northwestern Patagonia). It is represented by a single species, L. tessonei.

Teilhardina (, ) is an extinct marmoset-like omomyid primate that lived in Europe, North America and Asia during the Early Eocene epoch, about 56-47 million years ago. The paleontologist George Gaylord Simpson named it after the French paleontologist, Jesuit and philosopher Teilhard de Chardin.

Talenkauen is a genus of basal iguanodont dinosaur from the Campanian or Maastrichtian age of the Late Cretaceous Cerro Fortaleza Formation, formerly known as the Pari Aike Formation of Patagonian Lake Viedma, in the Austral Basin of Santa Cruz, Argentina. It is based on MPM-10001A, a partial articulated skeleton missing the rear part of the skull, the tail, and the hands. The type and only species is Talenkauen santacrucensis.

Suuwassea is a genus of dicraeosaurid sauropod dinosaur found in Upper Jurassic strata of the Morrison Formation, located in southern Carbon County, Montana, United States. The fossil remains were recovered in a series of expeditions during a period spanning the years 1999 and 2000 and were described by J.D. Harris and Peter Dodson in 2004. They consist of a disarticulated but associated partial skeleton, including partial vertebral series and limb bones.

Kerberosaurus (meaning "Kerberos lizard") is a genus of saurolophine duckbill dinosaur from the late Maastrichtian-aged (Upper Cretaceous) Tsagayan Formation of Blagoveshchensk, Amur Region, Russia (dated to 66 million years ago). It is based on bonebed material including skull remains indicating that it was related to Saurolophus and Prosaurolophus.

Bissektipelta (meaning "Bissekty shield") is a genus of ankylosaurine thyreophoran dinosaurs that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous in what is now the Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan. Bissektipelta is a monospecific genus, containing only the type species B. archibaldi.

Tazoudasaurus is a genus of gravisaurian (probably vulcanodontid) sauropod dinosaurs from the late Early Jurassic (Toarcian). It was recovered in the "Toundoute Continental Series" (Azilal Formation), located in the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco in North Africa. Along with Patagosaurus, Volkheimeria, Bagualia, and Perijasaurus (perhaps Barapasaurus and Kotasaurus as well), it represents one of the few sauropods named from this stage on Gondwana, as well as the only one from Africa.

Chilgatherium ('Chilga beast' after the locality in which it was found) is the earliest and most primitive representative of the family Deinotheriidae. It is known from late Oligocene (27- to 28-million-year-old) fossil teeth found in the Ethiopian district of Chilga.

Pneumodesmus newmani is a species of myriapod. It is originally considered that it lived during the late Wenlock epoch of the Silurian period around . However, a 2017 study dates its occurrence based on zircon data analysis as the Early Devonian (Lochkovian). Although the 2023 study confirmed the age identification of the 2004 study through palynological, palaeobotanical and zircon analyses incorporating newly discovered additional data, this is based on adjacent structurally separated block with different stratigraphy and sedimentology to the block with fossil site it was discovered, and it i

Bonatitan is a genus of titanosaurian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation of Argentina. It was named in 2004.

Borealosaurus is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of northern China. The type species is Borealosaurus wimani, which was named in 2004.

Sinusonasus is a genus of dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous Period, recovered from the Yixian Formation. It lived in what is now the Liaoning Province of China. Sinusonasus was a theropod, specifically a troodontid dinosaur.

Plesiopterys (“plesio” meaning “near,” and “pterys” meaning “wing” or “pterygoid bone”) is an extinct genus of plesiosaur originating from the Posidonienschiefer of Holzmaden, Germany, and lived during the Early Jurassic period. The type and only species is P. wildi, known from two immature specimens with the subadult measuring long. It possesses a unique combination of both primitive and derived characters, and is currently displayed at the State Museum of Natural History and the Hauff Museum, Germany.

Cacibupteryx is a genus of rhamphorhynchid pterosaur from the middle-late Oxfordian-age Upper Jurassic Jagua Formation of Pinar del Río, Cuba.

thumb|Holotype KUVP 133735

Pierolapithecus catalaunicus is an extinct species of primate which lived around 12.5-13 million years ago during the Miocene in what is now Hostalets de Pierola, Catalonia, Spain. Some researchers believe that it is a candidate for common ancestor to the great ape clade, or is at least closer than any previous fossil discovery. Others suggest it being a pongine, or a dryopith. On 16 October 2023, scientists reported the facial reconstruction of the great ape.

Eobalaenoptera is an extinct genus of baleen whale belonging to Balaenopteroidea.

species of reptile (fossil)

Uberabasuchus ("Uberaba crocodile") is an extinct genus of crocodylomorph from the Late Cretaceous Serra da Galga Formation of Brazil. It appears to have a high skull like that of the sebecosuchians, but differs from them in having teeth with circular cross-section. Thus, rather than slicing flesh and blood vessels, it is likely to have inflicted powerful crushing bites . The post-crania and the geology suggesting an arid climate indicate that Uberabasuchus was likely a terrestrial predator.

Pyozia is an extinct genus of basal Middle Permian varanopid synapsids known from Russia. It was first named by Jason S. Anderson and Robert R. Reisz in 2004 and the type species is Pyozia mesenensis. Pyozia mesenensis is known from the holotype PIN 3717/33, a three-dimensionally preserved partial skeleton including a nearly complete skull. It was collected from the Krasnoschelsk Formation, dating to the Capitanian stage of the Guadalupian epoch, about 264.28-263 million years ago.

Progalesaurus is an extinct genus of galesaurid cynodont from the early Triassic. Progalesaurus is known from a single fossil of the species Progalesaurus lootsbergensis, found in the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of the Balfour Formation. Close relatives of Progalesaurus, other galesaurids, include Galesaurus and Cynosaurus. Galesaurids appeared just before the Permian-Triassic extinction event, and disappeared from the fossil record in the Middle-Triassic.

thumb|left|Extremely hypothetical life restoration Crosbysaurus is a genus of extinct archosauromorph that lived in the Late Triassic of Arizona, New Mexico, North Carolina, Texas, and Utah. It is known from the Chinle Formation and Dockum Group rock units from the southwestern United States. The type species is C. harrisae, and the only known material includes teeth. 11 specimens are known, each including a single tooth.

Orobates is an extinct genus of diadectid reptiliomorphs that lived during the Early Permian. Its fossilised remains were found in Germany. A combination of primitive and derived traits (i.e. autapomorphic and plesiomorphic) distinguish it from all other well-known members of Diadectidae, a family of herbivorous reptiliomorphs. It weighed about 4 kg and appears to have been part of an upland fauna, browsing on high fibre plants. thumb|left|Restoration

Eurotrochilus is an extinct genus of stem group hummingbirds (Trochilidae) and are the closest known relatives of the crown group Trochilidae. Despite Eurotrochilus being morphologically very similar to modern hummingbirds, they still retained several primitive features and are not closely related to any specific extant hummingbird in the crown group. There are currently two described species of Eurotrochilus: E. inexpectatus and E. noniewiczi.

extinct species of carnivore

Longirostravis is a genus of enantiornithean birds which existed during the early Cretaceous period (around 125 million years ago) and is known from fossils found in the middle or upper Yixian Formation in Yixian County, People's Republic of China. It is known from a single specimen housed in the collections of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (specimen number IVPP V 11309) representing the type species Longirostravis hani.

Siquisiquesuchus (meaning "Siquisique crocodile" after the town in Lara, Venezuela, near where the first described specimens were found) is an extinct genus of gavialid crocodilian. It is known from cranial remains and a few postcranial bones found in Miocene-age rocks of the Castillo Formation in northwestern Venezuela.

Thectardis avalonensis is a triangular-shaped member of the Ediacaran biota, dating from . The organism took the form of an elongated cone with a central depression, and its apex was anchored to the substrate. Sperling et al. (2011) suggest that Thectardis was a sponge, while Antcliffe et al. (2014, 2015) instead suggest that it is the decayed remains of rangeomorphs.

Gerontoformica is an extinct genus of stem-group ants. The genus contains thirteen described species known from Late Cretaceous fossils found in Asia and Europe. The species were described between 2004 and 2016, with a number of the species formerly being placed into the junior synonym genus Sphecomyrmodes.

Junggarsuchus () is an extinct genus of sphenosuchian crocodylomorph from the Middle or Late Jurassic period of China. The type and only species is J. sloani. The generic name of Junggarsuchus comes from the Junggar Basin (the anglicization of Dzungar), where the fossil was found, and the Greek word "souchos" meaning crocodile. The specific name, "sloani" is in honor of C. Sloan, who is credited with finding the holotype.

Bashunosaurus is a genus of potentially macronarian sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation of Kaijiang, China. The type and only species is Bashunosaurus kaijiangensis.

left|thumb|Life restoration Paucipodia inermis is a lobopod known from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang lagerstätte.

Vescornis is a genus of enantiornithine bird. One species is named, V. hebeiensis. The holotype fossil is in the collection of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Its catalog number is CAGS 130722. The fossil was found in Early Cretaceous rocks first attributed to the Yixian Formation, Senjitu, Fengning County, Hebei Province, China. However, later study of area geology showed that these rocks actually belong to the Huajiying Formation.

Aktautitan is a genus of brontothere from the Eocene of Kazakhstan. The genus contains a single species, A. hippopotamopus.

Jakubsonia is an extinct genus of early tetrapod from the Late Devonian of Russia. The type species, Jakubsonia livnensis, was described and named in 2004.

Wingegyps is an extinct genus of small condor from the Late Pleistocene of South America. The type species W. cartellei was described from cave deposits in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais, Brazil, with more material having been found in the Mene de Inciarte tar seeps of Venezuela. The material was first discovered in the mid 19th century and eventually described by Danish ornithologist Oluf Winge, for whom it was later named, without initially attributing a new scientific name. While it is regarded as the smallest known New World Vulture, the anatomy of the cranium suggests that it was ac

Lonchognathosaurus is a genus of dsungaripterid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Aptian-Albian-age Lower Cretaceous Lianmuqin Formation of Xinjiang, China.

Iaceornis is a genus of marine ornithuran dinosaurs closely related to modern birds. It was endemic to North America during the Late Cretaceous, living about 83.5 million years ago. It is known from a single fossil specimen found in Gove County, Kansas, and consisting of a partial skeleton lacking a skull.