Fossil taxa described in 2008

Ahytherium is an extinct genus of megalonychid sloth that lived during the Pleistocene of what is now Brazil. It is a monotypic genus that contains a single species, A. aureum. == Discovery and taxonomy == The almost-complete skeleton of Ahytherium alongside remains of another extinct sloth species, Australonyx, were discovered in Poço Azul, an underwater cave in Chapada Diamantina National Park in 2005. It was described by Castor Cartelle of Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais. The bones, which had a length of about when put together, belong to an animal which presumably was stil

Orientornis is an extinct species of ratite from the Miocene of China.

Hongshanopterus is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Liaoning, China.

Vallecillosaurus is an extinct genus of mosasauroid from the Late Cretaceous period, that lived in Mexico, in the state of Nuevo León. It was a relatively small reptile measuring less than long.

Cretaceogekko (meaning “Cretaceous gecko”) is an extinct monotypic genus of gecko (represented by the type species Cretaceogekko burmae) known from a single partial specimen preserved in Burmese amber from the Cenomanian of Myanmar. The specimen was found in the Hukawng Valley in 2001 and the genus and species were named by E. Nicholas Arnold and George Poinar in 2008. The specimen includes a foot and partial tail. Cretaceogekko is the oldest known gecko, predating the Late Cretaceous gecko Gobekko and the Paleogene gecko Yantarogecko, which has also been preserved in amber.

Heteronectes is a fossil fish which has been identified as a primitive flatfish, dating to the early Eocene (Lutetian stage) of France. The genus contains a single species H. chaneti.

alt=Reconstruction of the glyptodont Boreostemma venezolensis. Artwork created with rapidograph and colored markers. Author: Edwin Chávez. |thumb|Paleoart of Boreostemma venezolensis. Created by Edwin Chávez "Disfrasaurio". Boreostemma is an extinct genus of glyptodonts from northern South America. Fossils assigned to the genus were first described as belonging to Asterostemma from southern South America, but have been placed in the new genus Boreostemma by Carlini et al. in 2008. The type species is B. pliocena. Fossils of Boreostemma have been found in the Honda Group of Colombia, in Peru an

Witwatia (from the Egyptian Arabic Wit Wat meaning "large, flapping wings") is an extinct genus of giant bat that contained two species which lived in the Al Fayyum in Egypt during the late Eocene (Priabonian epoch) and one species which lived in Tunisia during the early Eocene. It is known from a lower jaw and teeth. Three species have been named: the type species W. schlosseri, W. eremicus and W. sigei.

Hokkaidornis is an extinct genus of penguin-like plotopterid from the Late Oligocene of Hokkaido, Japan.