Frames of reference

materialization of an abstract coordinate system

frame of reference not undergoing acceleration

frame of reference

celestial reference system using reference celestial sources observed at radio wavelengths

Frame-dragging is an effect on spacetime, predicted by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, that is due to non-static stationary distributions of mass–energy. A stationary field is one that is in a steady state, but the masses causing that field may be non-static ⁠— rotating, for instance. More generally, the subject that deals with the effects caused by mass–energy currents is known as gravitoelectromagnetism, which is analogous to the magnetism of classical electromagnetism.

special case of a non-inertial reference frame that is rotating relative to an inertial reference frame

frame of reference

frame of reference in which a specified particle is at rest

Spacetime modeled by four pointwise-orthonormal vector fields

generalization of coordinate frame

inertial frame of reference with stationary aether