Fraud

thumb|upright=1.2|Clockwise, from top left: Dutch ordinary, Nepalese diplomatic, Chinese service, and Polish ordinary passports

thumb|right|200px|A fake automated teller slot used to commit bank fraud upon bank patrons In law, fraud is intentional deception to deprive a victim of a legal right or to gain from a victim unlawfully or unfairly. Fraud can violate civil law (e.g., a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to thwart the fraud or recover monetary compensation) or criminal law (e.g., a fraud perpetrator may be prosecuted and imprisoned by governmental authorities), or it may be an element of another civil or criminal wrong despite itself causing no loss of money, property, or legal right. The purpose of fra

Phishing is a form of social engineering and a scam where attackers deceive people into revealing sensitive information or installing malware such as viruses, worms, adware, or ransomware. Phishing attacks have become increasingly sophisticated and often transparently mirror the site being targeted, allowing the attacker to observe everything while the victim navigates the site, and traverses any additional security boundaries with the victim. As of 2020, it is the most common type of cybercrime, with the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Internet Crime Complaint Center reporting more incident

upright=1.3|thumb|The Dreadnought hoax|Dreadnought hoaxers in Abyssinian [[regalia; the bearded figure on the far left is the writer Virginia Woolf.]] A hoax (: hoaxes) is a widely publicised falsehood created to deceive its audience with false and often astonishing information, with the either malicious or humorous intent of causing shock and interest in as many people as possible.

illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates, or both

Embezzlement (from Anglo-Norman, from Old French besillier ("to torment, etc."), of unknown origin) is a type of financial crime, usually involving theft of money from a business or employer. It often involves a trusted individual taking advantage of their position to steal funds or assets, most commonly over a period of time.

thumb|upright=1.35|Political cartoon by Joseph Morewood Staniforth| Staniforth: [[Herbert Kitchener attempts to raise £100,000 for a college in Sudan by calling on the name of Gordon]] A scam, or a confidence trick, is an attempt to defraud a person or group after first gaining their trust. Confidence tricks exploit victims using a combination of the victim's credulity, naivety, compassion, vanity, confidence, irresponsibility, and greed. Researchers have defined confidence tricks as "a distinctive species of fraudulent conduct ... intending to further voluntary exchanges that are not mutually

deliberate use of someone else's identity, usually as a method to gain a financial advantage or obtain credit and other benefits in the other person's name, and perhaps to the other person's disadvantage or loss

type of fraud where the victim unknowingly engages in one way trade with the perpetrator

series of sixty volumes of journals purportedly by Adolf Hitler, but forged by Konrad Kujau

company or organization that manufactures fake diplomas for a fee

matching a speaking or singing person's lip movements to an audio recording

company with few, if any, actual assets or operations

fraudulent medication

marriage of convenience entered into without intending to create a real marital relationship

form of criminal phone fraud, using social engineering over the telephone system to gain access to private personal and financial information for the purpose of financial reward

a confidence trick involving feigning romantic intentions towards a victim, gaining their affection, and then using that goodwill to commit fraud

misleading content in advertisements

any act committed to defraud an insurance process, when a claimant attempts to obtain some benefit or advantage that one is not entitled to, or when an insurer knowingly denies some benefit that is due

deceptive practice in the stock or commodities markets that induces investors to make purchase or sale decisions on the basis of false information

creating an email spam or phishing messages with a forged sender identity or address

thumb|Medium Eva Carrière photographed in 1912 with a light appearing between her hands

thumb|right| Second-century bronze jug held by the British Museum, with false copyright claim, while on loan to Tullie House Museum|alt=Photograph of an ancient bronze on display in a museum; beneath it, a warning states "Please do not photograph this object as it is protected by copyright." A copyfraud is a false copyright claim by an individual or institution with respect to content that is in the public domain. Such claims are unlawful, at least under US and Australian copyright law, because material that is not copyrighted is free for all to use, modify and reproduce. Copyfraud also includ

trading scheme used to defraud traders

Online scam starting with using social-engineering on the victim and building over an extended amount of time likened to fattening an animal before slaughter

person who transfers money acquired illegally on behalf of others

illegitimate way of obtaining money by using phone-related telecommunications products or services

case in which an individual leaves evidence to suggest that they are dead

organization

fraud involving complex methods for misusing or misdirecting funds, overstating revenues, understating expenses, overstating the value of corporate assets, or underreporting the existence of liabilities

Type of business practices

deliberate misidentification of a man as the biological father of a child

with a credit card

island in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

phrase

act of using deception to get money from people who believe they are making donations to charities

the misrepresentation (lie) of a person's age

theft of Value Added Tax (VAT) from a government by organised crime gangs

designation awarded by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners

act of illegally using state welfare systems by knowingly withholding or giving information to obtain more funds than would otherwise be allocated

Commercial fraud focused in wine collecting and investing

A man who deliberately bumps into a woman or someone he perceives as weaker

defrauding of an insurer or government health care program for false or unnecessary health care costs

fraudulent organization, not recognized for educational accreditation

company or organization that manufactures fake academic paper for a fee

REDIRECT Return fraud#Wardrobing

attempt to defraud people who are seeking employment by giving them false hope of better employment, and may ask for money in exchange for an opportunity to apply for a job

A ripoff (or rip-off) is a grossly unfavorable financial transaction. It originated as slang and has entered into standard English usage as a business term.

type of fraud in which drugs, legal or illegal, are cut or altered in such a way that either diminishes their value or causes adverse health consequences

fradulent child adoption

Investment fraud where fraudster preys on members of certain groups