French First Republic

republic governing France, 1792–1804

calendar

five-member executive committee of Revolutionary France (1795-1799)

single-chamber assembly in France from 21 September 1792 to 26 October 1795

The '''''' (; ) were the common people of the lower classes in late 18th-century France, a great many of whom became radical and militant partisans of the French Revolution in response to their poor quality of life under the . The word , which is opposed to "aristocrat", seems to have been used for the first time on 28 February 1791 by Jean-Bernard Gauthier de Murnan in a derogatory sense, speaking about a " army". The word came into vogue during the demonstration of 20 June 1792.

The period in the French Revolution between Robespierre's fall on 27 July '94 (9 Thermidor II) and the installment of the Directory on 1 November '95, marked by liberalization, right-wing reaction and suppression of the Montagnards/Jacobins.

French occupation following the Venetian Republic's fall

former French department (1795-1814)

former French department (1795-1814)

former French department in Italy (1802-1814)