Fumigants

chemical compound

Phosphine (IUPAC name: phosphane) is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic compound with the chemical formula , classed as a pnictogen hydride. Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade samples have a highly unpleasant odor like rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane (). With traces of present, is spontaneously flammable in air (pyrophoric), burning with a luminous flame. Phosphine is a highly toxic respiratory poison, and is immediately dangerous to life or health at 50 ppm. Phosphine has a trigonal pyramidal structure.

Acrylonitrile is an organic compound with the formula and the structure . It is a colorless, volatile liquid. It has a pungent odor reminiscent of garlic or onions. Its molecular structure consists of a vinyl group () linked to a nitrile (). It is an important monomer for the manufacture of useful plastics such as polyacrylonitrile. It is toxic at low doses.

Bromomethane, commonly known as methyl bromide, is an organobromine compound with formula CH3Br. This colorless, odorless, nonflammable gas is produced both industrially and biologically. It is a recognized ozone-depleting chemical. According to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, it has a global warming potential of 2. The compound was used extensively as a pesticide until being phased out by most countries in the early 2000s. From a chemistry perspective, it is one of the halomethanes.

250px|thumb|A building in Riverside, California, subject to tent fumigation, or "tenting" 250px|thumb|Fumigation of a hotel (Vila Shanti) in Bali where the gas even reaches the hotel lobby (February 2010)

Chloropicrin, also known as PS (from Port Sunlight) and nitrochloroform, is a chemical compound currently used as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, and nematicide. It was used as a poison gas in World War I and the Russian military has been accused of using it in the Russo-Ukrainian War. Its chemical structural formula is .

1,2-Dibromoethane, also known as ethylene dibromide (EDB), is an organobromine compound with the chemical formula . Although trace amounts occur naturally in the ocean, where it is probably formed by algae and kelp, substantial amounts are produced industrially. It is a dense colorless liquid with a faint, sweet odor, detectable at 10 ppm. It is a widely used and sometimes-controversial fumigant. The combustion of 1,2-dibromoethane produces hydrogen bromide gas that is significantly corrosive.

chemical compound

chemical compound

2-Phenylphenol, or o-phenylphenol, is an organic compound with the formula . It is one of three isomers of monohydroxylated biphenyl. It is a white solid. It is a biocide used as a preservative with E number E231 and under the trade names Dowicide, Torsite, Fungal, Preventol, Nipacide and many others.

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (dibromochloropropane), better known as DBCP, is the organic compound with the formula BrCH(CHBr)(CHCl). It is a dense colorless liquid although commercial samples often appear amber or even brown. It is the active ingredient in the nematicide Nemagon, also known as Fumazone.

1,3-Dichloropropene, sold under diverse trade names, is an organochlorine compound with the formula . It is a colorless liquid with a sweet smell. It is feebly soluble in water and evaporates easily. It is used mainly in farming as a pesticide, specifically as a preplant fumigant and nematicide. It acts non-specifically and is in IRAC class 8A. It is widely used in the US and other countries, but is banned in 34 countries (including the European Union).

chemical compound

Tetrachlorodinitroethane is a chlorinated nitroalkane produced by nitration of tetrachloroethylene with dinitrogen tetroxide or fuming nitric acid. It is a powerful lachrymatory agent and pulmonary agent that is six times more toxic than chloropicrin. Tetrachlorodinitroethane may be used as a fumigant.