Generative syntax

Adpositions are a class of words used to express spatial or temporal relations (in, under, towards, behind, ago, etc.) or mark various semantic roles (of, for). The most common adpositions are prepositions (which precede their complement) and postpositions (which follow their complement).

omission from a clause of one or more words that are nevertheless understood in the context of the remaining elements

linguistic concept; change of the form of a word depending on the other words to which it relates

the number of arguments controlled by a predicate

type of expression whose reference depends upon another referential element

grammatical structure in some languages

ordered, rooted tree that represents the syntactic structure of a string according to some context-free grammar

theory

word or a group of words that functions as a single unit within a hierarchical structure

An interrogative clause is a clause whose form is typically associated with question-like meanings. For instance, the English sentence "Is Hannah sick?" has interrogative syntax which distinguishes it from its declarative counterpart "Hannah is sick". Also, the additional question mark closing the statement assures that the reader is informed of the interrogative mood. Interrogative clauses may sometimes be embedded within a phrase, for example: "Paul knows who is sick", where the interrogative clause "who is sick" serves as complement of the embedding verb "know".

in linguistics, relationship between word and its dependents

in generative grammar, the theory of syntactic category formation that ① phrases may contain intermediate constituents projected from a head X; and that ② this system of projected constituency may be common to more than one category (e.g. N, V, A, P)

linguistic research program proposed by N. Chomsky; radically revises the Government and Binding approach; asserts that Universal Grammar is a “perfect” system, i.e. optimal according to several global metrics; abandons concepts such as government

complex syntactic structure that links together two or more element

principle of the hierarchical organization of linguistic units

In linguistics, coreference, sometimes written co-reference, occurs when two or more expressions refer to the same person or thing; they have the same referent. For example, in Bill said Alice would arrive soon, and she did, the words Alice and she refer to the same person.

theory of syntax and a phrase structure grammar in the tradition of transformational grammar developed principally by Noam Chomsky in the 1980s

type of grammar based on constituent entities

generative linguistics framework in which a natural language's syntax is described by general “principles” and specific “parameters” that are either turned on or off for particular languages; formulated by N. Chomsky and H. Lasnik in the 1980s

In generative grammar and related frameworks, a node in a parse tree c-commands its sister node and all of its sister's descendants. In these frameworks, c-command plays a central role in defining and constraining operations such as syntactic movement, binding, and scope. Tanya Reinhart introduced c-command in 1976 as a key component of her theory of anaphora. The term is short for "constituent command".

linguistic phenomenon in which anaphoric elements such as pronouns are grammatically associated with their antecedents

Topicalization is a mechanism of syntax that establishes an expression as the sentence or clause topic by having it appear at the front of the sentence or clause (as opposed to in a canonical position later in the sentence). This involves a phrasal movement of determiners, prepositions, and verbs to sentence-initial position. Topicalization often results in a discontinuity and is thus one of a number of established discontinuity types, the other three being wh-fronting, scrambling, and extraposition. Topicalization is also used as a constituency test; an expression that can be topicalized is d

syntactic function of words in a sentence

In linguistics, wh-movement (also known as wh-fronting, wh-extraction, or wh-raising) is the formation of syntactic dependencies involving interrogative words. An example in English is the dependency formed between what and the object position of doing in "What are you doing?". Interrogative forms are sometimes known within English linguistics as wh-words, such as what, when, where, who, and why, but also include other interrogative words, such as how. This dependency has been used as a diagnostic tool in syntactic studies as it can be observed to interact with other grammatical constraints.

rewrite rule used to describe a given language's syntax, used to break down a natural language sentence into its syntactic categories (both lexical and phrasal); used in transformational grammar; first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1957

generative grammar parameter, covers order of (verb,subject,object) as well as of (noun,adjective)

any characteristic used to classify a phoneme or word

architecture of early generative grammar

pragmatic word order

theoretical framework in linguistics

In linguistics, a resultative (abbreviated '''') is a form that expresses that something or someone has undergone a change in state as the result of the completion of an event. Resultatives appear as predicates of sentences, and are generally composed of a verb (denoting the event), a post-verbal noun phrase (denoting the entity that has undergone a change) and a so-called resultative phrase (denoting the state achieved as the result of the action named by the verb) which may be represented by an adjective, a prepositional phrase, or a particle, among others. For example, in the English senten

concept in pronoun-noun agreement

grammatical construction used in certain languages

In generative grammar and related frameworks, m-command is a syntactic relation between two nodes in a syntactic tree. A node X m-commands a node Y if the maximal projection of X dominates Y, but neither X nor Y dominates the other.