Geographers from the Abbasid Caliphate

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, or simply al-Khwarizmi () was a mathematician active during the Islamic Golden Age, who produced Arabic-language works in mathematics, astronomy, and geography. Around 820, he worked at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, the contemporary capital city of the Abbasid Caliphate. One of the most prominent scholars of the period, his works were widely influential on later authors, both in the Islamic world and Europe.

al-Masʿūdī (full name , ), –956, was a historian, geographer and traveler. He is sometimes referred to as the "Herodotus of the Arabs". A polymath and prolific author of over twenty works on theology, history (Islamic and universal), geography, natural science and philosophy, his celebrated magnum opus The Meadows of Gold () combines universal history with scientific geography, social commentary and biography.

10th-century Arab traveller and ethnographer

Arab bibliographer and geographer (1179–1229)

'''Abu l-Abbas Ahmad bin Abi Ya'qub bin Ja'far bin Wahb bin Wadiḥ al-Ya'qubi (died 897/8), commonly referred to simply by his nisba al-Yaʿqubi''', was an Arab Muslim historian and geographer.

Persian geographer and official (died 913)

'''Abu al-Hasan 'Ali Ibn Nafi (; 789– 857), commonly known as Ziryab,''' was a singer, oud and lute player, composer, poet, and teacher. He lived and worked in what is now Iraq, Northern Africa, and Andalusia during the medieval Islamic period. He was also a polymath, with knowledge in astronomy, geography, meteorology, botanics, cosmetics, culinary art, and fashion.

Persian geographer and astronomer

Historian and geographer

Arab astronomer

Arabic seafarer from the early 10th century