Geological techniques

thumb|right|A geoarchaeologist analyzes the stratigraphy on the route of the LGV Est high-speed railway line. thumb|geoarchaeologist at work on column sample Geoarchaeology is a multidisciplinary field of study that applies the theories and techniques of the geosciences to archaeology. It draws on techniques and approaches from geomorphology, sedimentology, pedology, stratigraphy, and geochronology to interpret sediments, soils, and landforms in archaeological investigations to inform archaeological and chronological knowledge and thought. Geoarchaeologists study the natural physical processes

cylindrical section of a naturally occurring substance, usually obtained by drilling into it with special drills

systematic investigation of the geology in a region for the purpose of creating a geological map or model

thumb|Prospector and burro, western Colorado, USA, thumb|upright|Schoolchildren learn to pan for gold, Denver, 1972. thumb|Rich specimen from a 2009 gold discovery by a prospector in southeastern Yukon Territory. The gold, deposited along a fracture, appears rusty-orange in this photo.

drilling a hole, tunnel, or well in the earth

graph used by hydrologists and geologists to determine whether a river will erode, transport, or deposit sediment

measurement of variations in Earth's gravitational field