Geonim

rabbi, translator, Jewish philosopher and theologian (0882-0942) active during the Abbasid Caliphate in Egypt and Irak

Geonim (, ; also transliterated as ; , ) were the chiefs of the Sura and Pumedita Academies, the two great Talmudic Academies in Babylonia during the Abbasid Caliphate. They were generally accepted as the spiritual leaders of the Jewish community worldwide in the Early Middle Ages, in contrast to the Resh Galuta () who wielded secular authority over the Jews in Islamic lands.

rabbi from Ifriqiya

rabbi

10th century Gaon of the Academy of Pumbeditha

rabbi and exegete from Ifriqiya (990-1062)

Rabbi of Academy of Pumbedita

center for Jewish scholarship from the 6th to 11th century

Bostanai (Hebrew: בוסתנאי), also transliterated as Bustanai or Bustnay, also known by his personal name Haninai (Hani' in Arabic), was the first Exilarch (leader of the Jewish community of Mesopotamia) under Arab rule. He lived in the early-to-middle of the 7th century, and died about AD 670. The name is Aramaized from the Persian bustan or bostan (Persian : بوستان), meaning "Garden". Bostanai is the only Dark Age Babylonian Exilarch of whom anything more than a footnote is known. He is frequently made the subject of Jewish legends.

8th-century rabbi

scholar