Gladiatorial combat

thumb|350px|Part of the Zliten mosaic from [[Libya (Leptis Magna), about 2nd century AD. It shows (left to right) a thraex fighting a murmillo, a hoplomachus standing with another murmillo (who is signaling his defeat to the referee), and one of a matched pair.]]

Latin hail

execution method

1st century BC Roman owner of the gladiatorial school where Spartacus was trained

thumb|right|320px| (detail): an imaginative recreation by Ulpiano Checa, first exhibited in 1894. A naumachia (in Latin , from the Ancient Greek /, literally "naval combat") was a mock naval battle staged as mass entertainment by the Ancient Romans. The staging would typically occur in a specially-dug basin, also known as a naumachia.

upright=1.4|thumb|Relief of paired fighters Amazonia and Achillea, found at Halicarnassus, identified as women by their gendered names The gladiatrix (: gladiatrices) was a female gladiator of ancient Rome. Like their male counterparts, gladiatrices fought each other, or wild animals, to entertain audiences at games and festivals (ludi).

thumb gesture used in the context of gladiatorial combat

armguards used by Roman legionaries and gladiators

The dimachaeri (singular: dimachaerus) were a type of Roman gladiator that fought with two swords (dual wield). The name is a borrowing into Latin of Ancient Greek dimákhairos 'bearing two knives' (δι- di- 'two' + μάχαιρα mákhaira 'knife').

ancient Roman mosaic

work by Tertullian