Grinding and lapping

upright|thumb|The basic anatomy of a millstone. This is a runner stone; a bedstone would not have the "Spanish Cross" into which the supporting millrind fits.

stone used to sharpen the edges of steel tools and implements through grinding and honing

Polishing is the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing it or by applying a chemical treatment, leaving a clean surface with a significant specular reflection (still limited by the index of refraction of the material according to the Fresnel equations). In some materials (such as metals, glasses, black or transparent stones), polishing is also able to reduce diffuse reflection to minimal values.

thumb|Disc quern made of basalt stone thumb|Nepali women using quern-stones to grind grains

abrasive machining process that uses a grinding wheel as a cutting tool

abrasive machining process that produces a precision surface

upright|thumb|The Knife-grinder by Goya shows a man using a portable grindstone. thumb|Two lumberjacks using a hand-powered grindstone to sharpen an axe during World War I A grindstone, also known as grinding stone, is a sharpening stone used for grinding or sharpening ferrous tools, used since ancient times. Tools are sharpened by the stone's abrasive qualities that remove material from the tool through friction in order to create a fine edge. Similar to sandpaper, each stone has a different grit that will result in sharper or duller tools. In Australia, Aboriginal peoples created grindi

thumb|right|Lapping machine. Lapping is a machining process in which two surfaces are rubbed together with an abrasive between them, by hand movement or using a machine.

Superfinishing, also known as microfinishing and short-stroke honing, is a metalworking process that improves surface finish and workpiece geometry. This is achieved by removing just the thin amorphous surface layer of fragmented or smeared metal left by the last process with an abrasive stone or tape; this layer is usually about 1 μm in magnitude.

range of processes that alter the surface of an item to achieve a certain property

wheel composed of an abrasive compound and used for various grinding (abrasive cutting) and abrasive machining operations. Such wheels are used in grinding machine

device for straightening and polishing blades

finishing processes for smoothing a workpiece's surface using an abrasive and a work wheel or a leather strop

metalworking grinding process

type of machine used to shape objects

working on a knife blade to make it sharper

handheld power tool used for grinding, sanding, honing, polishing, or machining

tool to dress the surface of a grinding wheel

interior surface finishing process