Gubernatorial titles

A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the type of political region or polity, a governor may be either appointed or elected, and the governor's powers can vary significantly, depending on the public laws in place locally. The adjective pertaining to a governor is gubernatorial, from the Latin root gubernare. In a federated state, the governor may serve as head of state and head of government for their regional polity, while still operating under th

thumb|The court of the Durrani Empire|Durrani Emirate of [[Afghanistan (James Rattray, 1839)]] Emir (; ' (), also transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a history of use in West Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch

thumb|The Herakleia head, probable portrait of a Persian (Achaemenid) Empire Satrap of [[Asia Minor, end of 6th century BCE, probably under Darius I]] A satrap () was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. A satrapy is the territory governed by a satrap.

thumb|Uyghurs|Uyghur General [[Khojis (d. 1781), bey of Turfan, who later settled in Beijing; painting by a European Jesuit artist at the Chinese court in 1775]] Bey, also spelled as Baig, Bayg, Beigh, Beig, Bek, Baeg, Begh, or Beg, is a Turkic title for a chieftain, and a royal, aristocratic title traditionally applied to people with special lineages to the leaders or rulers of variously sized areas in the numerous Turkic kingdoms, emirates, sultanates and empires in Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast Europe, and the Middle East, such as the Ottomans, Timurids or the various khanates and emi

A qadi (; ) is the magistrate or judge of a Sharia court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works.

diplomatic rank

thumb|"Roy" Edward III of England|Edward III, King of England. [[Bruges Garter Book.]] A viceroy () is an official who reigns over a polity in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory.

thumb|right|300px|Mary Simon, [[David Hurley and Dame Cindy Kiro, the governors-general of Canada, Australia and New Zealand respectively, in 2022]] Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire and the Commonwealth. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general continue to be appointed as viceroy to represent the monarch of a personal union in any sovereign state over which the monarch does not normally reign in person (non-UK

right|200px|thumb|Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali Pasha

administrative title that was used during the Caliphate and Ottoman Empire to designate governors of administrative divisions

thumb|Bust of Pericles, statesman and general during the Golden Age of Athens; [[Hadrianic Roman copy of a Greek sculpture of BC]] Strategos (), also known by its Latinised form strategus, is a Greek term meaning 'military general'. In the Hellenistic world and in the Byzantine Empire, the term also described a military governor. In the modern Hellenic Army, it is the highest officer rank.

thumb|200px|The eyalets of the Ottoman Empire in 1609 Beylerbey (, meaning the 'commander of commanders' or 'lord of lords’, sometimes rendered governor-general) was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Anatolian Seljuks and the Ilkhanids to Safavid Iran and the Ottoman Empire. Initially designating a commander-in-chief, it eventually came to be held by senior provincial governors. In Ottoman usage, where the rank survived the longest, it designated the governors-general of some of the largest and most important provinces, although

thumb|William the Silent was a stadtholder during the [[Dutch Revolt against the Spanish Empire.]] In the Low Countries, a stadtholder ( , ) was a steward, first appointed as a medieval official and ultimately functioning as a provincial and later national leader. The stadtholder was the replacement of the duke or count of a province during the Burgundian and Habsburg period (1384 – 1581/1795).

thumb|Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam|Tekle Haymanot, negus of [[Gojjam]] Negus is the word for "king" in the Ethiopian Semitic languages and a title which was usually bestowed upon a regional ruler by the Negusa Nagast, or "King of Kings," in pre-1974 Ethiopia. The negus is referred to as Al-Najashi (النجاشي) in the Islamic tradition.

thumb|Badr al-Din Lu'lu' was atabeg for the [[Zengid dynasty from 1211 to 1234. Kitāb al-aghānī fronstispiece, Mosul, 1218–1219. Vol IV. Cairo, Egyptian National Library, Ms Farsi 579]] Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the title's use was with early Seljuk Turks who bestowed it on the Persian vizier Nizam al-Mulk. It was later used in the Kingdom of Georgia, first within the Armeno-Georgian family of Mkhargr

an official with special territorial powers in the Kingdom of Hungary

Nawab is a royal title indicating a ruler, often of a South Asian state, in many ways comparable to the Western title of Emperor. In earlier times the title was ratified and bestowed by the reigning Mughal emperor to semi-autonomous Muslim rulers of subdivisions or princely states in the Indian subcontinent loyal to the Mughal Empire, and then it was became a Royal title like Sultan or Emperor for example the Nawabs of Bengal. Various Nawabs were permitted to maintain this title under the suzerainty of the Maratha Empire.

thumb|235px|The Palace of the in Florence, now the [[Bargello museum]] ' (), also potestate or podesta' in English, was the name given to the holder of the highest civil office in the government of the cities of central and northern Italy during the Late Middle Ages. Sometimes, it meant the chief magistrate of a city-state, the counterpart to similar positions in other cities that went by other names, e.g. ('rectors').

thumb|Scipio Africanus, one of Rome's greatest commanders, was a proconsul during the [[Second Punic War. He was one of the few proconsuls who did not first serve as consul.]] A proconsul was an official of ancient Rome who acted on behalf of a consul. A proconsul was typically a former consul. The term is also used in recent history for officials with delegated authority. In the Roman Republic, military command, or imperium, could be exercised constitutionally only by a consul. Only two consuls served at a time, each elected to a one-year term. They could not normally serve two terms in a row

thumb|Binbashi Ismet Pasha, who later became a Kaymakam, after returning from Yemen.

personal representative of the pope of the Catholic Church in foreign nations or for some special mission

A Gauleiter () was a regional leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as the head of a Gau or Reichsgau. Gauleiter was the third-highest rank in the Nazi political leadership, subordinate only to Reichsleiter and to the Führer himself. The position was effectively abolished with the fall of the Nazi regime on 8 May 1945.

elected head of government of a sub-national entity

A commissioner (commonly abbreviated as '''Comm'r''') is, in principle, a member of a commission or an individual who has been given a commission (official charge or authority to do something).

Prefect (from the Latin praefectus, substantive adjectival form of praeficere: "put in front", meaning in charge) is a magisterial title of varying definition, but essentially refers to the leader of an administrative area.

A minister-president or minister president is the head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments with a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government where they preside over the council of ministers. It is an alternative term for prime minister, premier, chief minister, or first minister and very similar to the title of president of the council of ministers.

important position in ancient Rome

thumb|Drawing of a nomarch based on Middle Kingdom tomb paintingsA nomarch (, Great Chief) was a provincial governor in ancient Egypt; the country was divided into 42 provinces, called nomes (singular , plural ). A nomarch was the government official responsible for a nome. More recent studies are more cautious about using this term as it is a Greek word that does not exactly match Ancient Egyptian administrative titles and modern scholars often prefer other, more neutral words for describing the heads of the provinces, such as governor.

An exarch (; from Ancient Greek ἔξαρχος exarchos) is an official in various jurisdictions (administrative, military, ecclesiastical) both historical and modern.

Commander (commonly abbreviated as Cdr.) is a common naval officer rank as well as a job title in many armies. Commander is also used as a level 8 rank or title in other formal organizations, including several police forces. In several countries, this naval rank is termed as a frigate captain.

judicial officer elected or appointed to keep the peace and perform minor civic jobs

A castellan, or constable, was the governor of a castle in medieval Europe. Its surrounding territory was referred to as the castellany.

thumb|Asafi Pasha was a Sanjak-bey for [[Shirvan and Dagestan from 1588.]] '''Sanjak-bey, sanjaq-bey or -beg' () was the title given in the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and the Ottoman Empire to a bey (a high-ranking officer, but usually not a pasha) appointed to the military and administrative command of a district (sanjak, in Arabic liwa’), hence the equivalent Arabic title of amir liwa ( ) He was answerable to a superior wāli or another provincial governor. In a few cases the sanjak-bey'' was himself directly answerable to the sultan in Constantinople.

Adelantado (, , ; meaning 'advanced') was a title held by some Spanish nobles in service of their respective kings during the Middle Ages. It was later used as a military title held by some Spanish conquistadores of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries.

Župan is a noble and administrative title used in several states in Central and Southeastern Europe between the 7th century and the 21st century. It was (and in Croatia still is) the leader of the administrative unit župa (or zhupa, županija). The term in turn was adopted by the Hungarians as ispán and spread further.

thumb|250px|The banner flown by lord-lieutenants. A lord-lieutenant ( ) is the British monarch's personal representative in each lieutenancy area of the United Kingdom. Historically, each lieutenant was responsible for organising the county's militia. In 1871, the lieutenant's responsibility over the local militia was removed. However, it was not until 1921 that they formally lost the right to call upon able-bodied men to fight when needed.

position of the head of the government of a state or territory of the United States

position

general title for high officer

thumb|Luis Durnwalder, Landeshauptmann of South Tyrol 1989–2014 The Landeshauptmann (if male) or Landeshauptfrau (if female) (, "state captain", plural Landeshauptleute, ) is the chairman of a state government and the supreme official of an Austrian state and the Italian autonomous provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino. Their function is equivalent to that of a minister-president or premier. Until 1933 the term was also used in Prussia for the head of government of a province, in the modern-day states of Germany (with the exceptions of the city-states) the counterpart to Landeshauptmann is the

(, rendered as "Commissioner of the Empire", "Reich Commissioner" or "Imperial Commissioner"), in German history, was an official gubernatorial title used for various public offices during the period of the German Empire and Nazi Germany.

3rd-class head of diplomatic mission

military grade

position; the senior diplomat in charge of the diplomatic mission of one Commonwealth government to another

The Reichsstatthalter (, Reich lieutenant) was a title used in the German Empire and later in Nazi Germany.

An intendant (; ; ) was, and sometimes still is, a public official, especially in France, Spain, Portugal, and Latin America. The intendancy system was a centralizing administrative system developed in France. In the War of the Spanish Succession of 1701 to 1714 the French royal House of Bourbon secured its hold on the throne of Spain; it extended a French-style intendancy system to Spain and Portugal - and subsequently worldwide through the Spanish Empire and Portuguese Empire. Regions were divided into districts, each administered by an intendant. The title continues in use in Spain and in p

head of a province in the Netherlands

thumb|Posadnik Shchil asks for the blessing of Archbishop John to build a church. "The Tale of Posadnik Shchil"

former State of India

position

political function in Zanzibar

Wikimedia disambiguation page

position

the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment

Consularis is a Latin adjective indicating something pertaining to the position or rank of consul. In Ancient Rome it was also used as a noun (plural consulares) to designate those senators who had held the office of consul or attained consular rank as a special honour. In Late Antiquity, the title became also a gubernatorial rank for provincial governors.

thumb|:zh:有泰|Youtai, the Amban of [[Lhasa, and Colonel Francis Younghusband]] thumb|T'ang Ta-Jên, military Amban of Khotan, with his children and attendants Amban (Manchu and Mongol:20px Amban, Tibetan: ་am ben, , Uighur:am ben) is a Manchu language term meaning "high official" (), corresponding to a number of different official titles in the imperial government of Qing China. For instance, members of the Grand Council were called Coohai nashūn-i amban in the Manchu language and Qing governor-generals were called Uheri kadalara amban (Manchu: 60px).

The soubashi (, , ) was an Ottoman gubernatorial title used to describe different positions within Ottoman hierarchy, depending on the context. This title was given to Ottoman timar holders who generated more than 15,000 aspers per annum or to the assistants of the sanjak-bey. The term was also used for the commander of the town or castle in Ottoman Empire, an ancient version of chief of police. In the Belgrade Pashalik, where the Janissaries (known as Dahije) wrested the control of the province (1801), they appointed soubashi in Serb villages, breaking the traditional self-governing.

thumb|right|300px|Map of the Roman Empire  400 CE. Praeses (Latin  praesides) is a Latin word meaning "placed before" or "at the head". In antiquity, notably under the Roman Dominate, it was used to refer to Roman governors; it continues to see some use for various modern positions.

Uparaja is a noble title reserved for the viceroy in India and the Buddhist dynasties in Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, as well as some of their minor tributary kingdoms. It is ultimately from Sanskrit उपराज upa-rāja, equivalent to and respectively in Latin.

Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier.