Gynaecology

The vagina (: vaginas or vaginae) is the elastic, muscular reproductive organ of the female genital tract through which mammals copulate and give birth. In humans, it extends from the vulval vestibule to the cervix (neck of the uterus). The vaginal introitus is normally partly covered by a thin layer of mucosal tissue called the hymen. The vagina also channels menstrual flow, which occurs in humans and closely related primates as part of the menstrual cycle.

The ovary () is a gonad in the female reproductive system that produces ova; when released, an ovum travels through the fallopian tube/oviduct into the uterus. There is an ovary on the left and the right side of the body. The ovaries are endocrine glands, secreting various hormones that play a role in the menstrual cycle and fertility. The ovary progresses through many stages beginning in the prenatal period through menopause.

Gynaecology (or gynecology in American English) is the area of medicine concerned with conditions affecting the female reproductive system. It is sometimes combined with the field of obstetrics, which focuses on pregnancy and childbirth, thereby forming the combined area of obstetrics and gynaecology (OB-GYN).

expulsion of fluid during or before an orgasm

Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus and cervix. Supracervical hysterectomy refers to the removal of the uterus while the cervix is spared. These procedures may also involve removal of the ovaries (oophorectomy), fallopian tubes (salpingectomy), and other surrounding structures. The terms "partial" or "total" hysterectomy are lay terms that incorrectly describe the addition or omission of oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy. These procedures are usually performed by a gynecologist. Removal of the uterus is a form of sterilization, rendering the patient unable to bear childre

abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane

nausea due to pregnancy

naturally produced fluid that lubricates a vagina

medical specialty

Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin medication used to prevent and treat stomach and duodenal ulcers, induce labor, cause an abortion, and treat postpartum bleeding due to poor contraction of the uterus. It is taken by mouth when used to prevent gastric ulcers in people taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). For abortions it is typically used in conjunction with mifepristone or methotrexate, but can be used alone. By itself, effectiveness for abortion is between 82% and 100%. Its efficacy with mifepristone is higher, but varies based on gestational age. The misoprostol-only

medical device for investigating orifices

lowest body temperature each day

symptom of discomfort in the breast

physiological phenomenon where the clitoris becomes enlarged and firm, as result of a complex interaction of psychological, neural, vascular and endocrine factors, usually (though not exclusively) associated with sexual arousal

medicine dealing with prevention, diagnosis and management of reproductive problems

pain in the pelvic region

the body laid supine, or flat on the back with the feet higher than the head by 15-30 degrees.

species of bacterium

medical condition

medical instrument used to stretch the vagina

number of times a female has given birth to a baby

one of the late complications of pelvic inflammatory disease

Ancient Egyptian medical text

dimensions and shape of the human vagina

human disease

analysis of cell-free fetal DNA, or DNA from fetal cells that are biopsied from a pregnant woman’s blood

measure of viable ova

thumbnail|London, Wellcome Library, MS 544 (Miscellanea medica XVIII), early 14th century (France), a copy of the intermediate Trotula ensemble, p. 65 (detail): pen and wash drawing meant to depict "Trotula", clothed in red and green with a white headdress, holding an orb thumb|Trotula transitional ensemble, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS lat. 7056, mid-13th century, ff. 84v-85r, opening of the De ornatu mulierum Trotula is a name referring to a group of three texts on women's medicine that were composed in the southern Italian port town of Salerno in the 12th century. The name de

natural elongation of the labia minora

congenital defect; abnormal or absent vagina

non-fiction work by Boston Women’s Health Book Collective

species of bacterium

REDIRECT Psychoneuroimmunology

contractions of the pelvic muscles surrounding the vagina

Tumescence is the quality or state of being tumescent or swollen. Tumescence usually refers to the normal engorgement with blood (vascular congestion) of the erectile tissues, marking sexual excitation, and possible readiness for sexual activity. The tumescent sexual organ in males is the penis and in females is the clitoris and other parts of the genitalia like the vestibular bulbs. Arteries in the penis dilate to increase blood volume.

dilators used to treat vaginismus, induce cervical dilation, and other procedures

species of bacterium

Abdominal bloating (or simply bloating) is a short-term disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract. Bloating is generally characterized by an excess buildup of gas, air or fluids in the stomach. A person may have feelings of tightness, pressure or fullness in the stomach; it may or may not be accompanied by a visibly distended abdomen. Bloating can affect anyone of any age range and is usually self-diagnosed. In most cases it does not require serious medical attention or treatment. Although this term is usually used interchangeably with abdominal distension, these symptoms probably have d

inner lining of the vagina

thumb|Marked atypia of type 2 pneumocytes is a characteristic finding in association with treatment with [[busulfan and other chemotherapeutic agents. ]] Atypia (from Greek, a + typos, without type; a condition of being irregular or nonstandard) is a histopathologic term for a structural abnormality in a cell, i.e. it is used to describe atypical cells.

darkening of the nipple or areola

Urogynecology or urogynaecology is a surgical sub-specialty of urology and gynecology.

species of bacterium

vulva carcinoma that has material basis in abnormally proliferating cells derives from epithelial cells and is located in Bartholin's gland

non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the vulva. Representative examples include infection, Bartholin gland adenoma, and vulvar carcinoma

the internal, transverse structures that line the vagina

medical branch on diseases

mechanisms that form the reproductive system

Spinnbarkeit (), also known as fibrosity, is a biomedical rheology term which refers to the stringy or stretchy property found to varying degrees in mucus, saliva, albumen and similar viscoelastic fluids. The term is used especially with reference to cervical mucus at the time just prior to or during ovulation.

Clitoroplasty is a type of plastic surgery involving the clitoris. It encompasses several procedures, including clitoral reduction, clitoral reconstruction, and the creation of a neoclitoris in male-to-female gender-affirming surgery. These surgeries aim to retain or restore sensation and function in the clitoris, often employing nerve-sparing techniques.

device for collecting a Pap smear