Habitat management equipment and methods

thumb|A chainsaw cutting a small wooden board

thumb|Simon Bening, Labors of the Months: September, from a Flemish [[Book of hours (Bruges)]] thumb|Men sowing seed by hand in the 1940s thumb|Manual sowing machine Sowing is the process of planting seeds. An area that has had seeds planted in it will be described as a sowed or sown area.

Agroecology is an academic discipline that studies ecological processes applied to agricultural production systems. Bringing ecological principles to bear can suggest new management approaches in agroecosystems. The term can refer to a science, a movement, or an agricultural practice. Agroecologists study a variety of agroecosystems. The field of agroecology is not associated with any one particular method of farming, whether it be organic, regenerative, integrated, or industrial, intensive or extensive, although some use the name specifically for alternative agriculture.

thumb|upright=1.25|An afforestation project in Rand Wood, Lincolnshire, [[England (this patch was open ground before)]]

man-made enclosure for animals to nest in

agricultural tool

type of scissors for use with plants

Coppicing is the traditional method in woodland management of cutting down a tree to a stump, which in many species encourages new shoots to grow from the stump or roots, thus ultimately regrowing the tree. A forest or grove that has been subject to coppicing is called a copse or coppice, in which young tree stems are repeatedly cut down to near ground level. The resulting living stumps are called stools. New growth emerges, and after a number of years, the coppiced trees are harvested, and the cycle begins anew. Pollarding is a similar process carried out at a higher level on the tree in orde

Phytosociology, also known as phytocoenology or simply plant sociology, is the study of groups of species of plant that are usually found together. Phytosociology aims to empirically describe the vegetative environment of a given territory. A specific community of plants is considered a social unit, the product of definite conditions, present and past, and can exist only when such conditions are met. In phyto-sociology, such a unit is known as a phytocoenosis (or phytocoenose). A phytocoenosis is more commonly known as a plant community, and consists of the sum of all plants in a given area. I

Shifting cultivation or Jhum cultivation

a fire set intentionally for purposes of forest or land management, farming, prairie restoration or greenhouse gas abatement

garden tool for trimming grass or groundcover with a flexible line instead of a blade

manmade structure created to provide shelter for insects

branch of forestry

fallen dead trees and the remains of large branches on the ground in forests, rivers, or wetlands

Pollarding is a pruning system involving the removal of the upper branches of a tree, which promotes the growth of a dense head of foliage and branches. In ancient Rome, Propertius mentioned pollarding during the 1st century BCE. The practice has been common in Europe since medieval times, and today is used in urban areas worldwide, primarily to maintain trees at a determined height or to place new shoots out of the reach of grazing animals.

process of transplanting tree seedlings

thumb|right|300px|Hydroseeding being carried out at the Isle of Grain, Kent, UK thumb|right|300px|A commercial hydroseeder

range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores; plant defensive strategies (defensive traits) to defend against damage caused by herbivores

thumb|Bypass loppers with double curved blades

wild plant closely related to a domesticated plant, whose geographic origins can be traced to regions known as Vavilov Centers

systematic collection of information about a forested area for assessment or analysis

loss of biological wealth of a forest

shelter used to nurture trees

artificial barrier constructed from foliage

object or method for deterring animals

use of grazing animals to restore and maintain threatened biotopes and cultural heritage landscapes

biological harm to an organism

agricultural and gardening practice

type of forest originated from seed or from planted seedlings. In contrast to a low forest

thumb|upright=1.2|Amanita species are [[ectomycorrhizal with many trees.]]

structured, iterative process of robust decision making in the face of uncertainty, with an aim to reducing uncertainty over time via system monitoring