Hellenistic-era philosophers in Athens

Epicurus (, ; ; 341–270 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher who founded Epicureanism, a highly influential school of philosophy; it asserted that philosophy's purpose is to attain as well as to help others attain tranquil lives, characterized by freedom from fear and the absence of pain.

Theophrastus (; ; c. 371 – c. 287 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and naturalist. A native of Eresos in Lesbos, he was Aristotle's close colleague and successor as head of the Lyceum, the Peripatetic school of philosophy in Athens. Theophrastus wrote numerous treatises across all areas of philosophy, working to support, improve, expand, and develop the Aristotelian system. He made significant contributions to various fields, including ethics, metaphysics, botany, and natural history. Often considered the "father of botany" for his groundbreaking works "Enquiry into Plants" () and "On the

ancient Greek grammarian and historian

Greek statesman and philosopher (c.350–c.280 BC)

Carneades (; , Karneadēs, "of Carnea"; 214/3–129/8 BC) was a Greek philosopher, perhaps the most prominent head of the Skeptical Academy in Ancient Greece. He was born in Cyrene. By the year 159 BC, he had begun to attack many previous dogmatic doctrines, especially Stoicism and even the Epicureans, whom previous skeptics had spared.

Panaetius (; ; – ) of Rhodes was an ancient Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater of Tarsus in Athens, before moving to Rome where he did much to introduce Stoic doctrines to the city, thanks to the patronage of Scipio Aemilianus. After the death of Scipio in 129 BC, he returned to the Stoic school in Athens, and was its last undisputed scholarch. With Panaetius, Stoicism became much more eclectic. His most famous work was his On Duties, the principal source used by Cicero in his own work of the same name.

ancient Greek philosopher

Cynic philosopher

ancient Greek philosopher

ancient Greek philosopher

Cynic philosopher

ancient Greek philosopher

ancient Greek philosopher (ca. 340–250 BCE)

2nd-century BC Greek academic skeptic philosopher

ancient Greek stoic philosopher

Greek philosopher and scholarch (died 270/269 BC)

thumb|Alexander the Great receives a visit from [[Thalestris, queen of the Amazons, one of the legends recounted by Onesicritus.]]

ancient Greek philosopher of the Stoic school

3rd-century BC Greek Platonist philosopher

Critolaus (; Kritolaos; c. 200 – c. 118 BC) of Phaselis was a Greek philosopher of the Peripatetic school. He was one of three philosophers sent to Rome in 155 BC (the other two being Carneades and Diogenes of Babylon), where their doctrines fascinated the citizens, but frightened the more conservative statesmen. None of his writings survive. He was interested in rhetoric and ethics, and considered pleasure to be an evil. He maintained the Aristotelian doctrine of the eternity of the world, and of the human race in general, directing his arguments against the Stoics.

ancient Greek philosopher

Monimus (; ; 4th century BC) of Syracuse, Magna Graecia, was a Cynic philosopher, and a notable student of Diogenes.

Metrocles (; fl. c. 325 BC) was a Cynic philosopher from Maroneia. He studied in Aristotle’s Lyceum under Theophrastus, and eventually became a follower of Crates of Thebes, who married Metrocles’ sister Hipparchia. Very little survives of his writings, but he is important as one of the first Cynics to adopt the practice of writing moral anecdotes (chreiai) about Diogenes and other Cynics.

4th-century BC Greek philosopher

4th-century BC Greek philosopher

ancient Greek philosopher

ancient Greek philosopher

Charmadas (; also Charmides (Χαρμίδης); 168/7 – 103/91 BC) was a Greek academic skeptic philosopher and a disciple of Carneades at the Academy in Athens. He was famous for his elegant style. Charmadas introduced the teaching of rhetoric into the Academy and is said to have had many students. He was a pupil of Carneades for seven years (145–138 BC) and later he led his own school in the Ptolemaion, a gymnasium in Athens. He was from Alexandria and seems to have lived there, before he went to Athens around 145 BC He was an excellent rhetorician and famous for his outstanding memory and for his a

3rd century BC Greek Cynic philosopher

ancient Greek philosopher

3rd-century BC Greek philosopher

ancient Greek philosopher

ancient Greek philosopher

ancient Greek philosopher

ancient Greek philosopher

Greek Stoic philosopher (c. 160 – c. 85 BC)

Greek philosopher (c. 290 – c. 230 BC)

Aristion (Greek: Άριστίων; died 1 March 86 BC in Athens) was a philosopher who became tyrant of Athens from 88 BC until he was executed in 86 BC. Aristion joined forces with King Mithridates VI of Pontus against Greece's overlords, the Romans, fighting alongside Pontic forces during the First Mithridatic War, but to no avail. On 1 March 86 BC, after a long and destructive siege, Athens was taken by the Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla, who had Aristion executed.

ancient Greek philosopher

Greek Peripatetic philosopher (c.350–c.275 BC)

Praxiphanes () a Peripatetic philosopher, was a native of Mytilene, who lived a long time in Rhodes. He lived in the time of Demetrius Poliorcetes and Ptolemy I Soter, and was a pupil of Theophrastus, about 322 BC. He subsequently opened a school himself, in which Epicurus is said to have been one of his pupils. Praxiphanes paid special attention to grammatical studies, and is hence named along with Aristotle as the founder and creator of the science of grammar.

ancient Greek philosopher

late 4th/early 3rd century Greek philosopher

ancient Greek philosopher

2nd-century BC Greek philosopher

ancient Greek philosopher

Aristocreon (; fl. 200 BC) was a Stoic philosopher and the nephew of Chrysippus.

ancient Greek artist

ancient Greek philosopher

Calliphon (or Callipho, ) was a Greek philosopher, who probably belonged to the Peripatetic school and lived in the 2nd century . He is mentioned several times and condemned by Cicero as making the chief good of man to consist in a union of virtue () and bodily pleasure (, ), or, as Cicero says, in the union of the human with the beast.

Echecratides () was an Ancient Greek Peripatetic philosopher who is mentioned among the disciples of Aristotle. He is spoken of only by Stephanus of Byzantium, from whom we learn that he was a native of Methymna in Lesbos.