Hemiptera subfamilies

The members of the Triatominae , a subfamily of the Reduviidae, are also known as conenose bugs, kissing bugs (so-called from their habit of feeding from around the mouths of people), or vampire bugs. Other local names for them, used in Latin America and by Latinos generally, include barbeiros, vinchucas, pitos, chipos and chinches. Most of the 130 or more species of this subfamily feed on vertebrate blood; a very small portion of species feed on invertebrates. They are mainly found and widespread in the Americas, with a few species present in Asia and Africa. These bugs usually share shelter

alt=Ambush Bug (Phymata sp.)|thumb|Ambush bug (Phymata sp.) Insects in the subfamily Phymatinae are commonly called ambush bugs after their habit of lying in wait for prey, relying on their superb camouflage. Armed with raptorial forelegs, ambush bugs routinely capture prey ten or more times their own size. They form a subgroup within the assassin bugs.

thumb|Rhinocapsus vanduzeei Phylinae is a subfamily of the plant bug family Miridae. Species of this family are found worldwide.

Aphidinae is an aphid subfamily in the family Aphididae.

Mirinae is a subfamily of plant bugs, insects in the family Miridae.

The Reduviinae are a subfamily of the reduviid assassin bugs. Many members of the subfamily are nocturnal and their lifecycles are generally poorly known. This subfamily is suspected not to be monophyletic.

Orthotylinae is a subfamily of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least 650 described species and at least 70 genera in Orthotylinae. The Orthotylinae have traditionally been diagnosed by their possession of lamellate, apically divergent parempodia.

Epipyginae is a lineage of froghoppers in the insect family Aphrophoridae. There are at least three genera and about five described species in Epipyginae, found in the American tropics. In addition, there are more than 20 undescribed species in the group.

Bryocorinae is a subfamily of bugs in the family Miridae.

thumb|Perillus sp. nymph thumb|Podisus maculiventris Asopinae are a subfamily of stink bugs (family Pentatomidae). They are predatory stink bugs that are useful as biological control agents against pests, even against other Pentatomid species, which are all herbivorous.

Phacopteroninae is a subfamily of bugs in the family Aphalaridae, previously placed at family level.

Cicadellinae is a leafhopper subfamily, currently (2025) containing five tribes.

thumb|upright|Woolly aphids on crab apple bark.|alt= thumb|Pemphigus (bug)|Pemphigus gall on cottonwood tree thumb|Grylloprociphilus imbricator on [[Fagus]] thumb|Galls made by Melaphis rhois

thumb|right|Exuviae of [[Tibicen plebejus nymph (Cryptotympanini)]] thumb|Annual Cicada, Neotibicen

Pentatominae is a subfamily of Pentatomidae, a family of shield bugs. This subfamily is the largest one within the Pentatomidae, having 4937 species classified in 938 genera. Species in this subfamily are phytophages and several of them are considered agricultural pests. Some invasive pentatomines such as Halyomorpha halys and Bagrada hilaris have been considered household pests. Higher systematics of the group have been revised by Rider et al.

The Harpactorinae are a large subfamily of the Reduviidae (assassin bugs). About 300 genera and 2,000 species worldwide have been described. Some of the species of the genera Zelus, Pselliopus, Sinea, and Apiomerus are of interest as biological pest control agents.

Deltocephalinae is a subfamily of leafhoppers. Deltocephalinae is the largest subfamily in the family Cicadellidae and is divided about 30 tribes, and 7280 described species.

The Emesinae, or thread-legged bugs, are a subfamily of the Reduviidae (i.e., assassin bugs). They are conspicuously different from the other reduviids by their very slender body form. They are stalking, predatory insects that can be collected on palm fronds, cliffs, spider webbing, or near lights at night (many can be collected by blacklight). They walk on their mid and hind legs; the front pair is raptorial. Some groups specialize on spiders. Very little is known about emesines except that many species are found in the tropics. Pedro Wygodzinsky wrote the most recent revision of this group.

Cylapinae is a subfamily of plant bugs. Bugs in this group tend to forage actively on fungus covered rotten logs in humid tropical forests.

Coreinae is a subfamily in the hemipteran family Coreidae. They have been shown to be paraphyletic with respect to Meropachyinae.

thumb|Stenopoda spinulosa thumb|Oncocephalus The Stenopodainae are a subfamily of Reduviidae (assassin bugs). Often cryptically coloured, with prominent mandibular plates, antennal segment 1 generally strongly developed, remaining segments slender and often folded back under the first; hemelytron typically with large pentagonal or hexagonal cell in the corium. Approximately 113 genera are described, with most species found in the tropics. Many species are associated with soil or sand, and many are apterous.

thumb|Calaphis flava thumb|Myzocallis asclepiadis, winged adult

Lygaeinae is a subfamily of ground bugs in the insect family Lygaeidae.

Prostemmatinae is a subfamily of damsel bugs in the family Nabidae.

Sehirinae is a subfamily of burrowing bugs belonging to the family Cydnidae.

The Holoptilinae are a subfamily of Reduviidae (assassin bugs) known as feather-legged bugs or ant wolves. Several members of the subfamily specialize on ants. About 16 genera (one fossil) are known, with about 80 species described. Species in the Holoptilini tribe possess a specialized organ called a trichome to attract ants.

thumb|Jikradia olitoria thumb|Jikradia olitoria nymph

Megophthalminae is a subfamily of leafhoppers; it includes genera included in the former subfamily Agalliinae.

Hormaphidinae is a subfamily of the family Aphididae.

Darninae is a subfamily of treehoppers belonging to the family Membracidae. It includes 5 tribes and about 30 genera.

Chaitophorinae is a subfamily of aphids in the family Aphididae. There are about 12 genera and more than 180 described species in Chaitophorinae. thumb|Periphyllus

The Fulgorinae are a sub-family of insects in the Auchenorrhyncha: which include the spectacular "lantern-bugs" and allied insects.

Aleyrodinae is a subfamily of whiteflies in the family Aleyrodidae.

Aphrodinae is a subfamily of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, containing three tribes. thumb|Xestocephalus lunatus

The Ectrichodiinae are a subfamily of assassin bugs (Reduviidae) known for specializing on millipedes as prey. The group comprises more than 600 species in about 115 genera, making it a fairly large subfamily. The bugs are also known for their aposematic coloration, often brightly colored metallic blue, red, or yellow.

Saicinae is a subfamily of the family Reduviidae, or the assassin bugs.

Cixiinae is a planthopper subfamily in the family Cixiidae. It is one of three such subfamilies, the other two being the Bothriocerinae and the Borystheninae. While a few species had been tested in a larger study of the Fulgoroidea, neither the Cixiinae nor its tribes were analysed cladistically until 2002. Resolution of tribal relationships is incomplete and additional testing of the tribes with samples larger than one per tribe is needed.

Aradinae is a subfamily of true bugs in the family Aradidae. There are at least 90 described species in Aradinae.

Anoeciinae is a subfamily of the family Aphididae. Anoeciines live underground and feed on the roots of plants.

The Centrocnemidinae are a subfamily of the reduviid (assassin bugs), found exclusively on tree trunks, where their bodies camouflage well. There are four genera with about 34 species described.

Orsillinae is a subfamily of seed bugs in the family Lygaeidae. There are at least 110 described species in Orsillinae; the type genus is Orsillus.

thumb|Eggs of Cinara strobi on pine needles Lachninae is a subfamily of the family Aphididae, containing some of the largest aphids, and they are sometimes referred to as "giant aphids". Members of this subfamily typically have greatly reduced cornicles compared to other aphids, and the group has sometimes been classified as a separate family.

Mezirinae is a subfamily of flat bug. It is distributed globally. The subfamily contains more than 1120 described species in 124 genera.

Eurymelinae is a subfamily of leafhoppers (family Cicadellidae) with a worldwide distribution.

Corixinae is a subfamily of aquatic bugs in the family Corixidae. There are at least 130 described species in Corixinae.

thumb|Evacanthus nigramericanus Evacanthinae is a subfamily in the family Cicadellidae (leafhoppers).

Membracinae is a subfamily of treehoppers in the family Membracidae. There are more than 40 genera in Membracinae, mostly recorded from the Americas. thumb|Tylopelta gibbera thumb|Cladonota thumb|Enchenopa nymph on [[Juglans, undescribed species.]]

Ischnorhynchinae is a subfamily of seed bugs in the family Lygaeidae. There are about 16 genera and more than 70 described species in Ischnorhynchinae. The members of this subfamily are small, terrestrial insects that typically translucent or transparent plate-like structures covering the thorax (pronota) and tend to live in plant flowers. thumb|Kleidocerys resedae

The Peiratinae are a subfamily of assassin bugs (Reduviidae) known as corsairs. The subfamily has a worldwide distribution, but is concentrated in tropical areas. About 30 genera with 350 species are described.