Hen Ogledd

Cumbric is an extinct Celtic Brythonic language or dialect that was spoken during the Early Middle Ages in the Hen Ogledd or "Old North", in what is now Northern England and the southern Scottish Lowlands. Place-name evidence suggests Cumbric may also have been spoken as far south as Pendle and the Yorkshire Dales. The prevailing view is that it became extinct in the 12th century, around the incorporation of the Kingdom of Strathclyde into the Kingdom of Scotland.

medieval kingdom in northern Britain

area of northern Britain ruled by the Brythonic people in the 5-7th century

thumb|The River Eden, Cumbria|Eden Valley is thought by some to have been the heartland of the kingdom of Rheged. Rheged () was one of the kingdoms of the ('Old North'), the Brittonic-speaking region of what is now Northern England and southern Scotland, during the post-Roman era and Early Middle Ages. It is recorded in several poetic and bardic sources, although its borders are not described in any of them. Archaeological work from 2012 onwards on a site in Galloway in Scotland is interpreted by the excavators as showing that it is a royal centre of Rheged. Rheged possibly extended into Lanca

The Gododdin () were a Brittonic people of north-eastern Britannia, the area known as the Hen Ogledd or Old North (modern south-east Scotland and north-east England), in the sub-Roman period. Descendants of the Votadini, they are best known as the subject of the 6th-century Welsh poem Y Gododdin, which memorialises the Battle of Catraeth and is attributed to Aneirin.

poem by Aneirin

King of the Kingdom of Gwynedd

6th-century king of Rheged

battle, according to the Annales Cambriae, in 573

Welsh mythical objects

Calchfynydd (Welsh calch "lime" + mynydd "mountain") was an obscure Britonnic kingdom or sub-kingdom of sub-Roman Britain. Its exact location is uncertain, although the name suggests somewhere in one of Great Britain's Chalk Groups and might refer to southern Scotland, the Cotswolds, or the Chilterns. Virtually nothing else definitive is known about it.

battle around AD 600 between the Gododdin and the Angles

Middle Welsh genealogical tract

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6th century monarch

Welsh and Manx noble and a a late-8th century figure

part of the Brythonic-speaking Kingdom of Gododdin in the post-Roman Era

post-Roman kingdom in Great Britain