Historical law enforcement occupations

thumb|Zangbeto in 2006|right thumb|Zangbeto in a vodun-festival in Benin.|right

The martolos was an internal security force of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans (Rumelia), mostly active between the 15th to 17th centuries. It initially constituted out of the local mostly Christian populations (Rum Millet), but over time members converted into Islam. For their military service, they were given privileged status (as askeri), in relation to the Rayah. Their commanders were predominantly Muslim.

An ispravnic or ispravnik was, in the Danubian principalities, the title owned by a clerk or a boyar in charge of law enforcement in a certain county. Initially, during the middle ages, ispravnics were people who used to carry out the hospodar's commands. Later on, ispravnics became local administrators and were charged with leadership of local law enforcement.

Darogas (also spelled darogha or daroghah) were police officials in the Mughal Empire and the British Raj. In the Mughal Empire, a daroga was superintendent of the slaves of a Mughal monarch.

thumb|Kristoffer Nielsen Tønder (1587–1656), bailiff of Austråt, Norway, in 1621. A fogd (, or ''''; ; ; ) is a historical Scandinavian administrative function, and official title. They were bailiffs in charge of the administration and collection of taxes on behalf of the government, either in rural bailiwicks or in towns.

a theoretical police force of Classical Athens

The ahdath () were local militias of irregular police in Syria in the 10th to 12th centuries. They maintained order and protected cities from outside domination. Some later writers ascribed them proletarian values, as outlets of the popular will. Most fulfilled a more formal police function and in many cases worked with the urban bourgeoisie. They helped the Fatimid Caliphate in Syria defend against the Crusaders.