Hydrology

quantity of water contained in a material

lake with no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans

Baseflow (also called drought flow, groundwater recession flow, low flow, low-water flow, low-water discharge and sustained or fair-weather runoff) is the portion of the streamflow that is sustained between precipitation events, fed to streams by delayed pathways. It should not be confused with groundwater flow. Fair weather flow is also called base flow.

elevation of the free surface of a stream, lake or reservoir relative to a specified vertical datum

predominant pattern of water circulation over a given period

form of coast where the action of marine waves has formed steep cliffs that may or may not be precipitous

minimum amount of water in the soil that the plant requires not to wilt

pollution that occurs when when pollutants are released to the ground and seep down into groundwater

thumb|Conceptual model describing the mechanisms of water flow attenuation within a beaver wetland with an unconfined floodplain Ecohydrology (from Greek , oikos, "house(hold)"; , hydōr, "water"; and , -logia) is an interdisciplinary scientific field studying the interactions between water and ecological systems. It is considered a sub discipline of hydrology, with an ecological focus. These interactions may take place within water bodies, such as rivers and lakes, or on land, in forests, deserts, and other terrestrial ecosystems. Areas of research in ecohydrology include transpiration and pla

measure of the ability of a porous material to allow water to pass through it

passage in a cave that is submerged under water

geomorphological process associated with rivers and streams

process of infiltration and percolation of water in the ground and aquifers

amount of soil water content held in the soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has decreased

erosion at the origin of a stream channel, moving the origin upstream

movement of solid particles, typically by gravity and fluid entrainment

measure of the branching complexity of a mathematical tree or a river system

type of ice that forms on dead wood and takes the shape of fine, silky hair

movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers

artificial pond to manage stormwater

conceptual column of water from the surface to the bottom of a body of water

flow of water influenced by gravity as the water moves downhill to reduce its potential energy

sea ice loss observed in recent decades in the Arctic Ocean

thumb|upright=1.35|Riffle on the Onega River

precipitation that is intercepted by vegetation before reaching the soil

building or device used to collect water by condensing the water vapor present in the air

thumb|Freshet on Ouareau River in Rawdon, Quebec|Rawdon, [[Quebec, Canada]] thumb|An example of usage of the term "freshet" is shown in the text on a historic marker at Durgin Bridge near Sandwich, New Hampshire.

scientific concept

measurement of distance from river mouth

unit of permeability

classes of precipitation distinguished by character, phase, or physical properties

thumb|Time-lapse photography|Timelapse of Snowmelt over [[Okanagan Lake in British Columbia]] In hydrology, snowmelt is surface runoff produced from melting snow. It can also be used to describe the period or season during which such runoff is produced. Water produced by snowmelt is an important part of the annual water cycle in many parts of the world, in some cases contributing high fractions of the annual runoff in a watershed. Predicting snowmelt runoff from a drainage basin may be a part of designing water control projects. Rapid snowmelt can cause flooding. If the snowmelt is then frozen

depression at the base of a waterfall created by the erosional force of falling water and rocks where it lands

sea ice of the Southern Ocean

The maximum water level of a bank or shore

sub-field of hydrology concerned with above-earth water

graph used by hydrologists and geologists to determine whether a river will erode, transport, or deposit sediment

subsurface layer in which groundwater seeps up from a water table by capillary action

thin layer of ice extruded from a plant

flood control measure

sudden erosion (usually by water) of either natural terrain or man-made objects (such as roads and railroads)

layering of a body of water due to density variations

Region where there is mixing of shallow groundwater and surface water

hydrological term for water entering a body of water

specific type of floodgate, designed to prevent a storm surge or spring tide from flooding the protected area behind the barrier

measurement of dryness

flood event that has a 1% probability of being equaled or exceeded in any given year

synchronization between water and energy movements within Earth's climate system

management of watersheds

A hyetograph is a graphical representation of the distribution of rainfall intensity over time. For instance, in the 24-hour rainfall distributions as developed by the Soil Conservation Service (now the NRCS or National Resources Conservation Service), rainfall intensity progressively increases until it reaches a maximum and then gradually decreases. Where this maximum occurs and how fast the maximum is reached is what differentiates one distribution from another. One important aspect to understand is that the distributions are for design storms, not necessarily actual storms. In other words,

empirical parameter to predict runoff or infiltration from rainfall excess

artificial structures—such as pavements covered with water-tight materials

in hydrology, a layer within a fluid

The Navizence is a 23-kilometer-long Swiss river located in the Anniviers Valley, in the canton of Valais. It is a left-bank tributary of the Rhône River, joining it at Chippis.

used to evaluate an aquifer by pumping from a well

property of the climate system where surface temperatures and systemic responses to carbon cycle, radiative forcing, and ecosystem feedback are delayed

point where three drainage basins meet

erosion caused by a river or stream

stream maintaining its original course and pattern despite the changes in underlying rock top