Hygiene

thumb|right|Washing one's hands, a form of hygiene, is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness. Hygiene activities can be grouped into the following: home and everyday hygiene, personal hygiene, medical hygiene, sleep hygiene, and food hygiene. Home and every day hygiene includes hand was

right|thumb|Different kinds of outer diapers. thumb|Diapers on a shelf. A diaper (, North American English) or a nappy (British English, Australian English, Hiberno-English) is a type of underwear that allows the wearer to urinate or defecate without using a toilet, by absorbing or containing waste products to prevent soiling of outer clothing or the external environment. When diapers become wet or soiled, they require changing, generally by a second person such as a parent or caregiver. Failure to change a diaper on a sufficiently regular basis can result in skin problems around the area cove

tissue paper for cleaning after urination or defecation

act of cleaning one's hands

thumb|upright|A typical stall shower with height-adjustable nozzle and folding doors thumb|upright|A combination shower and bathtub, with movable screen

process that eliminates or kills all biological agents on an object or in a volume

thumb|upright=1.6|The sanitation system: collection, transport, treatment, and disposal or Reuse of excreta|reuse

thumb|A modern bidet that resembles a traditional washbasin type thumb|Woman on a Bidet, by Louis-Léopold Boilly, 1790 thumb|bidet horse, early 1900s A bidet (, ) is a bowl or receptacle designed to be sat upon in order to wash a person's genitalia, perineum, inner buttocks, and anus.

thumb|Disinfection of a floor using disinfectant liquid applied using a mop. thumb|Levels of resistance of microbes to disinfectants.

United Nations day on 19 November to tackle the sanitation crisis

Cleanliness is both the state of being clean and free from germs, dirt, trash, or waste, and the habit of achieving and maintaining that state. Cleanliness is often achieved through cleaning.

knife used to remove body hair

campaign to motivate and mobilize people around the world to improve their handwashing habits

measure of the probability of occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time

the practice of keeping one's oral cavity clean and free of disease and other problems (e.g. bad breath) by regular brushing of the teeth (dental hygiene) and adopting good hygiene habits

death rate of infants and young children

annual awareness day to highlight the importance of good menstrual hygiene management

thumb|upright|Handwashing dishes in Germany, 1951

personal hygiene practice for rinsing out nasal passages.

right|thumb|A woman washes her hands with soap and water. Washing is a method of cleaning, usually with water and soap or detergent. Regularly washing and then rinsing both body and clothing is an essential part of good hygiene and health.

Rexona is an Australian deodorant and antiperspirant brand owned by the British consumer goods company Unilever.

Decontamination (sometimes abbreviated as decon, dcon, or decontam) is the process of removing contaminants on an object or area, including chemicals, micro-organisms, and/or radioactive substances. This may be achieved by chemical reaction, disinfection, and/or physical removal. It refers to specific action taken to reduce the hazard posed by such contaminants, as opposed to general cleaning.

thumb|The great dust heap of London at Battle Bridge in 1836, next to the Smallpox Hospital thumb|right|Dirty Dicks is a Bishopsgate pub named after [[Dirty Dick, who once owned it and was notoriously filthy.]] thumb|Dirt-covered sidewalk in Brooklyn, NYC being swept during a community Clean-up (environment)|clean-up Dirt is any matter considered unclean, especially when in contact with a person's clothes, skin, or possessions. In such cases, they are said to become dirty. Common types of dirt include: Debris: scattered pieces of waste or remains Dust: a general powder of organic or mineral

behavior in social animals

A douche is a device used to introduce a stream of water into the body for medical or hygienic reasons, or for the stream of water itself. Douche usually refers to vaginal irrigation, the rinsing of the vagina, but it can also refer to the rinsing of any body cavity. A douche bag is a piece of equipment for douching—a bag for holding the fluid used in douching. To avoid transferring intestinal bacteria to the vagina, the same bag must not be used for both an enema and a vaginal douche.

set of practices around healthy sleeping

thumb|right|Detecting whether medics have inadvertently transferred fluids to their clothing during a training sequence using simulated bodily fluids carrying an ultraviolet dye A fomite () or fomes () is any inanimate object that, when contaminated with or exposed to infectious agents (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses or fungi), can transfer disease to a new host.

used for cosmetic skin treatment

odor produced by a living animal

hand-held triggered nozzle that is placed near the toilet and delivers a spray of water used for anal cleansing and cleaning of the genitals after using the toilet for defecation and urination

article of luggage

specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites

type of body odor that affects the feet of humans

cosmetic act of keeping hair clean by washing it

Tyndallization is a process from the nineteenth century for sterilizing substances, usually food, named after its inventor John Tyndall, that can be used to kill heat-resistant endospores. Although now considered dated, it is still occasionally used.

hygienic practice that a person performs on the anal area of themselves after defecation

alt=|thumb|A woman blowing her nose (expelling mucus) into a [[handkerchief]] Nose-blowing is the act of expelling nasal mucus by exhaling forcefully through the nose. This is usually done into a facial tissue or handkerchief, facial tissues being more hygienic as they are disposed of after each use while handkerchiefs are softer and more environmentally-friendly.

thumb|The Lemuriformes|lemuriform toothcomb, viewed from the underside of the lower jaw

Euthenics () is the study of the improvement of human functioning and well-being by the improvement of living conditions. "Improvement" is conducted by altering external factors such as education and the controllable environments, including environmentalism, education regarding employment, home economics, sanitation, and housing, as well as the prevention and removal of contagious disease and parasites.

vessel used to contain water for finger rinsing

disinfection method that uses short-wavelength ultraviolet light to kill or inactivate microorganisms

access to feminine hygiene products and disposal of used products

hygiene and cosmetology involving human hair

thumb|right|220px|Photograph by Giorgio Sommer (1834–1914); Famille napolitaine — a Neapolitan mother searching for [[lice in her son's hair.]]

Nasal irrigation

international medical organization

Public health movement

thumb|upright=0.6|Plastic aftabeh thumb|upright=0.6|Aftabeh from the Erivan Khanate in the Museum of the History of Azerbaijan

museum in Dresden

species of plant

process of cleansing the human body to remove contamination by hazardous materials including chemicals, radioactive substances, and infectious material

small disinfectant blocks that are added to urinals

event

WASH (or WatSan, WaSH; stemming from the first letters of "water, sanitation and hygiene") is a sector in development cooperation, or within local governments, that provides water, sanitation, and hygiene services to communities. The main purposes of providing access to WASH services are to achieve public health gains, implement the human right to water and sanitation, reduce the burden of collecting drinking water for women, and improve education and health outcomes at schools and healthcare facilities. Access to WASH services is an important component of water security. Universal, affordable

block-shaped substance used in flush toilets which slowly dissolves in water

licking an injury

personal hygiene practice

thumb|right|upright|When preening, a bird (such as this red lory) draws individual feathers through its beak, realigning and re-interlocking the .|alt=The head and back of a short-billed red parrot, which is chewing on the tip of a black and red feather alt=Greater flamingo preening in Camargue, France|thumb|Greater flamingo preening in [[Camargue, France]] Preening is a found in birds that involves the use of the beak to position feathers, interlock feather that have become separated, clean plumage, and keep ectoparasites in check. Feathers contribute significantly to a bird's insulation, wat