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Q283302
grep is a command-line utility for searching text for lines that match a regular expression. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (global, regular expression, print), which has the same effect. grep was originally developed for the Unix operating system, and is commonly available on Unix-like and some other systems such as OS-9. The shell command that runs the utility has the same name: .
Q305876
sed (short for stream editor) is a utility that transforms text via a script written in a relatively simple and compact programming language. It was developed from 1973 to 1974 by Lee E. McMahon of Bell Labs,
and is available today for most operating systems. The functionality of sed is based on the scripting features of the interactive editor ed ("editor", 1971) and the earlier qed ("quick editor", 1965–66). It was one of the earliest tools to support regular expressions, and remains in use for text processing, most notably with the substitution command. Popular alternative tools for text man
cat
Unix utility that concatenates and lists files
chmod
' is a shell command for changing access permissions and special mode flags of files (including special files such as directories). The name is short for change mod'e where mode refers to the permissions and flags collectively.
mv
Unix command that moves one or more files or directories from one place to another
ls
ls is a shell command for listing files including special files such as directories. Originally developed for Unix and later codified by POSIX and Single UNIX Specification, it is supported in many operating systems today, including Unix-like variants, Windows (via PowerShell and UnxUtils), EFI, and MSX-DOS (via MSX-DOS2 Tools).
rm
basic UNIX command used to remove objects such as files and directories
cd
command of Unix, DOS, OS/2, AmigaOS, Windows, and Linux operating systems
GNU gzip
gzip is a file format and a file compression program. The program uses the Deflate algorithm to compress and decompress a single file using the gzip file format.
cp
UNIX command for copying files and directories
chown
' , short for change own'er, is a shell command for changing the owning user of Unix-based file system files including special files such as directories.
ps
standard UNIX utility

mkdir
The mkdir (make directory) command in the Unix, DOS, DR FlexOS, IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows, and ReactOS operating systems is used to make a new directory. It is also available in the EFI shell and in the PHP scripting language. In DOS, OS/2, Windows and ReactOS, the command is often abbreviated to md.
pwd
pwd (print working directory) is a shell command that reports the working directory path to standard output.
tar
computer file format that can combine multiple files into a single file called "tarball"
chgrp
', short for change group', is a shell command for changing the group associated with a Unix-based file system file including special files such as directories. Changing the group of a file is restricted to a super-user (such as via ) or to the file's owning user if the user is in the specified group.
find
command-line utility
echo
command of DOS, OS/2, Microsoft Windows, Unix and Unix-like operating systems
tail
standard UNIX utility
ln
standard Unix command
kill
command in several OSes to terminate a process
wc
UNIX utility to count newlines, words, and bytes
touch
standard Unix program used to change a file's access and modification timestamps
head
program on Unix and Unix-like systems
split
UNIX Utility

rmdir
In computing, rmdir (or rd) is a command which will remove an empty directory on various operating systems.
uname
uname (short for unix name) is a computer program in Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems that prints the name, version and other details about the current machine and the operating system running on it.
sleep
shell command in various operating systems
file
standard Unix program
tr
command in Unix-like operating systems
cmp
command line utility for Unix or a Unix-like operating systems
basename
basename is a shell command for extracting the last name of a file path.
sort
standard UNIX utility
env
env is a shell command that either reports environment variables or runs a command in a subprocess with modified environment variables. The command is provided in a Unix-like system.
alias
command in various command line interpreters
dirname
dirname is a shell command for extracting the directory path portion of a path, without the last name. The command is specified in the Single UNIX Specification and is primarily used in shell scripts.
tee
standard UNIX utility
uniq
uniq is a utility command on Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like operating systems which, when fed a text file or standard input, outputs the text with adjacent identical lines collapsed to one, unique line of text.
cut
Unix command line utility
EXIT
command of many operating system command line interpreters and scripting languages
xargs
xargs (short for "extended arguments") is a command on Unix and most Unix-like operating systems used to build and execute commands from standard input. It converts input from standard input into arguments to a command.
wait
command which pauses until execution of a background process has ended
expr
expr is a shell command that evaluates an expression and outputs the result. It evaluates integer or string expressions, including pattern matching regular expressions. Comparison operators (equal, not equal, less than, etc.) apply to both integer and string values. Integer-specific operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and modulus. String-specific operators include:
matching a regular expression (, or the colon syntax for an arbitrary string "str" and regular expression "reg")
finding a set of characters in a string ()
finding a substring ()
finding the length
iconv
In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, iconv (an abbreviation of internationalization conversion) is a command-line program and a standardized application programming interface (API) used to convert between different character encodings. "It can convert from any of these encodings to any other, through Unicode conversion."
nohup
nohup is a POSIX command which means "no hang up". Its purpose is to execute a command such that it ignores the HUP (hangup) signal and therefore does not stop when the user logs out.
logname
In computer software, logname (stands for Login Name) is a program in Unix and Unix-like operating systems that prints the name of the user who is currently logged in on the terminal. It usually corresponds to the LOGNAME variable in the system-state environment (but this variable could have been modified).
type
Unix command
umask
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test
command-line utility
od
standard UNIX utility
pax
archiving utility
compress
Unix shell compression program
true and false
pair of standard Unix utilities
eval
In some programming languages, eval, short for evaluate, is a function which evaluates a string as though it were an expression in the language, and returns a result; in others, it executes multiple lines of code as though they had been included instead of the line including the eval. The input to eval is not necessarily a string; it may be structured representation of code, such as an abstract syntax tree (like Lisp forms), or of special type such as code (as in Python). The analog for a statement is exec, which executes a string (or code in other format) as if it were a statement; in some la
pr
Unix pagination and columnation tool