Ice ages

period of long-term reduction in temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere

thumb|upright=1.6|alt=Image of the Bering land bridge being inundated with rising sea level across time|Beringia sea levels (blues) and land elevations (browns) measured in metres from 21,000 years ago to present

periodic changes in the orbital movements of the earth

The Cryogenian (from , meaning "cold" and , romanized: , meaning "birth") is a geologic period that lasted from . It is the second of the three periods of the Neoproterozoic era, preceded by the Tonian and followed by the Ediacaran.

thumb|upright=1.35|Map of Doggerland at its near maximum extent c. 10,000 years Before Present (~8,000 BCE) (top left) and its subsequent disintegration by 7,000 BP (~5,000 BCE) Doggerland was a large area of land in Northern Europe, now submerged beneath the southern North Sea. This region was repeatedly exposed at various times during the Pleistocene epoch due to the lowering of sea levels during glacial periods. However, the term "Doggerland" is generally specifically used for this region during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. During the early Holocene following the glacial re

worldwide glaciation episodes during the Cryogenian Period of the Neoproterozoic Era

glacial period

most recent glacial maximum during the last glacial period

severe glaciation during the Paleoproterozoic Era, possibly due to the Oxygen catastrophe, leading to a "Snowball Earth"

series of alternating glacial and interglacial periods during Quaternary

glacial period in the Alps

Widespread biome during the Last Glacial Maximum

alpine glacial period in the Pleistocene epoch

discrepancy between past temperatures and the amount of incoming solar radiation

glaciation

glacial period

glaciation

glacial period in the Alps

stadial period

climatic period

glacial stage in the Alps

interglacial period of the Middle Pleistocene

Northern Hemispheric cooling period

European glaciation

glacial period

glacial Snowball Earth event ~700 Ma ago

glaciation

museum in Estonia focused on education about the ice ages

large-scale glaciation of North Germany

ice age of the last 34 million years, in particular in Antarctica

timeline

glacial episode

hypothesis proposing an early start to the anthropocene epoch

last major glacial event of the Precambrian

hypothesis regarding ecology in formerly glaciated regions

change in glacial cycles occurring 1 Mya (Pleistocene), from 41000-year glacial cycles (Milankovitch forcing) to 100000-year asymmetric cycles

population of a cold-adapted species remaining after its glacier habitat has receded

Glacial Period in Britain c447,000 - c128,000