Idiophones

The tambourine is a musical instrument in the percussion family consisting of a frame, often of wood or plastic, with pairs of small metal jingles, called "zills". Classically the term tambourine denotes an instrument with a drumhead, though some variants may not have a head. Tambourines are often used with regular percussion sets. They can be mounted, for example on a stand as part of a drum kit (and played with drum sticks), or they can be held in the hand and played by tapping, hitting, or shaking the instrument.

thumb|262px|Two men (right) are lifting the gong depicted on the 13th-century temple reliefs at the Candi Induk, Penataran|Panataran temple complex in [[East Java, Indonesia]] thumb|262px|A gong collection in a gamelan ensemble of instruments – Indonesian Embassy [[Canberra]]

thumb|Characteristic rock hi-hat pattern. The cymbals (/ˈsɪm.bəl/ ) are common percussion instruments. Often used in pairs, cymbals consist of thin, normally round plates of various copper alloys. The majority of cymbals are of indefinite pitch, although small disc-shaped cymbals based on ancient designs (such as crotales) sound a definite note. Cymbals are used in many ensembles ranging from the orchestra and percussion ensembles to jazz bands, rock bands, and marching bands. Drum kits usually incorporate at least a crash, a ride, or a crash/ride cymbal and a pair of hi-hat cymbals. A player

device used to produce a fixed tone

thumb|Set of bell plates, range C2–E4, a struck idiophone (played with mallets) or friction idiophone (bowed) 150px|thumb|Claves (foreground), a struck idiophone

The (Sundanese: ) is a musical instrument from the Sundanese in Indonesia that is made of a varying number of bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame. The tubes are carved to produce a resonant pitch when struck and are tuned to octaves, similar to Western handbells. The base of the frame is held in one hand, while the other hand shakes the instrument, causing a repeating note to sound. Each performer in an ensemble is typically responsible for just one pitch, sounding their individual at the appropriate times to produce complete melodies (see Kotekan).

thumb|1906 postcard of a lithophone played in Luray Caverns, Virginia thumb|Lithophone sculpture in Schloss Freudenberg

wooden percussion instrument used in Buddhist rituals in East Asia

The shekere (from Yoruba Ṣẹ̀kẹ̀rẹ̀) is a percussion instrument consisting of a dried gourd with beads or cowries woven into a net covering the gourd. There are multiple ways to produce sounds with the instrument. It can be shaken or hit against the hand. The instrument can also rest in the palm of one hand while other hand holds the handle of the gourd. A twisting wrist motion is used so that the gourd moves while beads remain in place causing friction and sound different than when the instrument is simply shaken or struck. The shekere originated in Yorubaland in West Africa, which comprises t

thumb|Suggested notation of music for flexatone, using roll symbols for the tremolo and approximate pitch thumb|Rhythmic pattern easily playable on the flexatone

Zills, zillia, zils, or sagat, also known as finger cymbals or fanglesnaps, are small metallic cymbals used in belly dancing and similar performances. They are similar to Tibetan tingsha bells. In Western music, several pairs can be set in a frame to make a tambourine.

percussion instrument originating in eastern Asia

thumb|right|Close-up of a pair of khartal blocksthumb|right|Close-up of a khartal thumb|300px|Player of khartal sheets, Rajasthan Khartal is an ancient instrument mainly used in devotional / folk songs. It has derived its name from Sanskrit words ‘kara’ meaning hand and ‘tala’ meaning clapping. This wooden clapper is a Ghana Vadya which has discs or plates that produce a clinking sound when clapped together. It falls under the class of idiophones of self-sounding instruments that combine properties of vibrator and resonator.

shaken percussion instrument consisting of a pole with bells or jingles hung from attached crescents or other shapes

thumb | right | alt= Musician Thomas Bloch playing the waterphone, 19 September 2009 at the Mittersheim pond in France | Musician [[Thomas Bloch playing the waterphone, 19 September 2009 at the Mittersheim pond, France]] A waterphone (also ocean harp) is a type of inharmonic acoustic tuned idiophone consisting of a stainless steel resonator bowl or pan with a cylindrical neck and bronze rods of different lengths and diameters around the rim of the bowl. The resonator may contain a small amount of water giving the waterphone a vibrant ethereal sound that has appeared in movie soundtracks, recor

A caxixi () is a percussion instrument consisting of a closed basket with a flat bottom filled with seeds or other small particles. The round bottom is traditionally cut from a dried gourd. The caxixi is an indirectly struck idiophone. Like the maraca, it is sounded by shaking. Variations in sound are produced by varying the angle at which the caxixi is shaken, determining whether the contents strike the reed basket (softer sound) or the hard bottom (louder, sharper sound).

thumb|right|240px|Latin Percussion vibraslap showing metal teeth

music instrument

thumb|right|Treshchotka A treshchotka ( or treskotukha () is a Russian folk music idiophone percussion instrument which produces a clicking/cracking sound. It consists of a set of small boards somewhat loosely threaded by one end on a string or a pair of strings, with the ends sticking out, used to hold and rattle the instrument. The word itself generically denotes any device that makes a cracking sound (from the noun "", tresk).

The caxirola () is a Brazilian percussion instrument created by Carlinhos Brown and consisting of a closed plastic basket with a flat-bottom filled with small synthetic particles, in an attempt to create a sustainable product. It was based on the caxixi, and thus it is also an indirectly struck idiophone, sounded by shaking. The caxirola was certified on September 27, 2012, by the Brazilian Ministry of Sports and was created to be the official musical instrument of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. However, it was not allowed inside stadiums of both the World Cup and the 2013 FIFA Confederati

thumb | right The kalatalo () (also known as kalatailo, kalatalka, torokhkalo, stukalo, stukalka, torokhkavka, klepalo, bovkalo) is a Ukrainian folk instrument used in folk ensembles whenever a drum or tambourine is not available. It was also used by night guards to scare away intruders. In Galicia, the kalatalo is used instead of bells during Good Friday.

instrument among Tai-Kadai peoples

cymbal-like musical instrument

percussion instrument of the family of idiophones, consisting of a frame, often of wood or plastic, with pairs of small metal jingles

thumb|300px|Musicians playing chocalho in a Samba school parade. Chocalho is the generic name for "shaker" in Portuguese. There are various types of idiophones using this name in Portuguese, not always being the same instrument: a shaker; a kind of jingle stick used to play samba music; a cowbell;

ancient Chinese percussion instrument

right|200px|thumb|A kayamba

thumb|200px|Kumu Kula Abiva played Ipu Heke while his dancers danced

wooden percussion instrument carved in the shape of a tiger

Chinese percussion instrument

The afoxé (also known as the cabaça or cabaca) is an Afro-Brazilian unpitched percussion instrument in the idiophone family. It is composed of a hollowed vessel wrapped in a net through which beads or seeds are threaded.

Kemanak () is a banana-shaped idiophone made of bronze, used in Javanese gamelan music. It is actually a metal slit drum. It is struck with a padded stick and then allowed to resonate. It has a specific pitch, which can be varied by covering the slit, but it is not matched to the other instruments of the gamelan. Kemanak are usually played in pairs, although they can be played in sets of four as well. They are used to accompany the bedhaya and serimpi, female court dances.

right|thumb|A set of chácaras Chácaras are a type of castanets from the Canary Islands. They are an idiophonic and chattering instrument, with an interior cavity. It is typically made of moral wood.

The ferrinho (in Cape Verdean Creole ) is a musical instrument, more precisely a scraped idiophone. It is made up by a metal bar (generally of iron) that is scraped by another metal object. The player holds the bar vertically, with its lower end in the palm of one hand and the upper end leaning against the shoulder. With the other hand, the player uses a metallic object, held horizontally, to scrape the bar with up-and-down movements. A custom-made ferrinho is usually 90 centimeters long, with a straight-angle section to ease handling.

thumb|100px The Mazanki is a type of Slavic folk musical instrument that belongs to a group of idiophones or string instruments. They were particularly popular in regions of Poland Greater Poland and in Lubusz Land and usually used along with bagpipes and/or timpani. By the 20th century it was replaced by the violin.

thumb|right|Singer Pathiyur with chengila The chengila, or cennala, is an Indian gong which helps the traditional singer or dancer keep time.

The kokiriko (kanji: こきりこ; is a Japanese musical instrument used when singing and dancing to Japanese folk songs such as the "Kokiriko Bushi" (Kokiriko Dance). In kanji, it is written as "Chikuko." In the Middle Ages, it was a type of street performer, known as a kokiriko, which was always carried by the houka, who mainly performed acrobatics.

style of handclapping used in Flamenco music