Individual patients

infected houseworker in New York City

19th century American railway worker who survived a large brain trauma

American woman whose cancer cells are the source of the HeLa cell line (1920–1951)

American lawyer and polio survivor (1946–2024)

American memory disorder patient (1926–2008)

Spanish euthanesia activist (1943–1998)

American woman at the center of the Terri Schiavo case (1963–2005)

First person inocculated for rabies (1876-1940)

first person cured of HIV/AIDS

American sufferer of severe combined immunodeficiency (1971–1984)

Danish surgeon, one of the earliest non-Africans to die of AIDS

American medical case (1954–1985)

American boy with a rare disorder

Lithuanian-South African grocer (c. 1912–1967); recipient of the first human heart transplant

American artist (1923–1998)

Italian biologist and writer with progeria (1995–2024)

smallpox victim

American heiress, socialite, and philanthropist

Polish coma patient (1942–2008)

african-American slave experimented on by physician J. Marion Sims

Indonesian carpenter (1971–2016)

Retired teacher (1955–2008)

American writer

Case depicted in The Three Faces of Eve (1927-2016)

hospital worker, last naturally acquired case of smallpox

Dutch mental health activist and author

American man who died during a clinical trial (1981–1999)

American infant and xenotransplant patient (1984–1984)

Canadian settler (1794-1880)

medical patient

British euthanasia campaigner (1958–2002)