Internet architecture

device that connects computer networks

computer server that makes and receives requests on behalf of a user

Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network or between or across multiple networks. Broadly, routing is performed in many types of networks, including circuit-switched networks, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), and computer networks, such as the Internet.

hardware or software components that connect between two network systems

In computer networking, localhost is a hostname that refers to the current computer used to access it. The name localhost is reserved for loopback purposes. It is used to access the network services that are running on the host via the loopback network interface. Using the loopback interface bypasses any local network interface hardware.

traffic prioritization and measure of network performance

protocol for communicating routing information on the Internet

thumb|Surface web in relation to deep web and dark web

network using private IP addresses

thumb|300px|right|Creating a subnet by dividing the host identifier

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collection of connected Internet Protocol (IP) routing prefixes under the control of one or more network operators

method for IP address allocation and routing

thumb|Unicast is data transmission from a single sender (red) to a single receiver (green). Other devices on the network (yellow) do not participate in the communication.

mechanism that limits the lifespan of data in a computer or network

data table stored in a router or a networked computer; lists the routes (and sometimes distances) to particular network destinations

two-part identifier for file formats and format contents transmitted on the Internet

Anycast is a network addressing and routing methodology in which a single IP address is shared by devices (generally servers) in multiple locations. Routers direct packets addressed to this destination to the location nearest the sender, using their normal decision-making algorithms, typically the lowest number of BGP network hops. Anycast routing is widely used by content delivery networks such as web and name servers, to bring their content closer to end users.

email authentication method designed to detect email spoofing

proposal to carry IP traffic by birds

vital infrastructure of the networks of the Internet

Loopback (also written loop-back) is the routing of electronic signals or digital data streams back to their source without intentional processing or modification. It is primarily a means of testing the communications infrastructure.

simple email-validation system designed to detect email spoofing

depletion of the pool of unallocated IPv4 addresses

committee of the Internet Engineering Task Force and an advisory body of the Internet Society

computer network protocol

IEEE standard for Shortest Path Bridging

phrase used by the communications industries to refer to the final leg of network delivery

EncroChat was a Europe-based communications network and service provider that offered modified smartphones allowing encrypted communication among subscribers. It was used primarily by organised crime members to plan criminal activities.

In computer networking, peering is a voluntary interconnection of administratively separate Internet networks for the purpose of exchanging traffic between the "down-stream" users of each network. Peering is settlement-free, also known as "bill-and-keep" or "sender keeps all", meaning that neither party pays the other in association with the exchange of traffic; instead, each derives and retains revenue from its own customers.

computer networking architecture for classifying traffic and applying different routing policies to each classification of traffic

data center rented out to multiples clients concurrently, utilizing common power and cooling

transition technology that gives full IPv6 connectivity for IPv6-capable hosts that are on the IPv4 Internet but have no native connection to an IPv6 network

Multihoming is the practice of connecting a host or a computer network to more than one network. This can be done in order to increase reliability or performance.

early system for organizing the IPv4 address space

design principle for computer networking

An OpenURL is similar to a web address, but instead of referring to a physical website, it refers to an article, book, patent, or other resource within a website.

data transmission method in packet switching networks in which each data unit is individually addressed and routed

thumb | right | alt=A window of a referrer is open on a wikipedia article using citation templates with embedded COinS tags | An example of referrers acting on a Wikipedia article using citation templates with embedded COinS tags ContextObjects in Spans (COinS) is a method to embed bibliographic metadata in the HTML code of web pages. This allows bibliographic software to publish machine-readable bibliographic items and client reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. The metadata can also be sent to an OpenURL resolver. This allows, for instance, searching for a copy o

internet service provider with direct connectivity to the Internet without paying other ISPs to connect to their networks

Bufferbloat is the undesirable latency that comes from a router or other network equipment buffering too many data packets. Bufferbloat can also cause packet delay variation (also known as jitter), as well as reduce the overall network throughput. When a router or switch is configured to use excessively large buffers, even very high-speed networks can become practically unusable for many interactive applications like voice over IP (VoIP), audio streaming, online gaming, and even ordinary web browsing.

architecture of quality of service of computer networking

thumb|500px|An example of route aggregation as a part of CIDR thumb|Route aggregation example from above in the binary format

representation of the breadth of the Internet using visual graphics

Transport Layer Security extension for application layer protocol negotiation

network mode where a semi-permanent session is set up before data transfer, and data is delivered in the order it was sent

"map-and-encapsulate" Internet protocol

type of packet forwarding rule for networks

thumb|Mbone session directory (sd), February 1996 Mbone (short for "multicast backbone") was an experimental backbone and virtual network built on top of the Internet for carrying IP multicast traffic on the Internet. It was developed in the early 1990s and required specialized hardware and software. Since the operators of most Internet routers have disabled IP multicast due to concerns regarding bandwidth tracking and billing, the Mbone was created to connect multicast-capable networks over the existing Internet infrastructure.

computers connected to a computer network

Belgian librarian and information scientist

string-searching algorithm used in IP routing

service of allowing network traffic to cross or "transit" a computer network, typically providing internet service to downstream networks.

The 6bone was a testbed for Internet Protocol version 6; it was an outgrowth of the IETF IPng project that created the IPv6 protocols intended to eventually replace the current Internet network layer protocols known as IPv4. The 6bone was started outside the official IETF process at the March 1996 IETF meetings, and became a worldwide informal collaborative project, with eventual oversight from the "NGtrans" (IPv6 Transition) Working Group of the IETF.

internet routing security framework