Islamic calendar

lunar calendar used by Muslims to determine religious observances

replacement prayer for Dhuhr on Fridays when performed in a mosque in congregation

calendar era, used with the Islamic calendar, counting the number of years since the Hijra (migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina) in 622 CE

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book by al-Biruni

Kandil (from ) refers to five Islamic holy nights, celebrated in Ottoman and Muslim Balkan communities, related to the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, when the minarets are illuminated and special prayers are made. It is a tradition dated back to the Ottoman Sultan Selim II of the 16th century, who with the support of the Shaykh al-Islām "Chief Jurisconsult" of the time, thought it was appropriate to light up the minarets on mosques for these blessed occasions.

four months of the Islamic calendar

harvest-based calendar system

19th day of Ramadan in the Islamic calendar

13th day of Rajab in the Islamic calendar

21st day of Ramadan in the Islamic calendar

23rd day of Ramadan in the Islamic calendar

Islamic calendar using tabulated rules instead of naked-eye astronomical observations payave

oldest surviving dated Arabic papyrus (643)

Nasīʾ (, an-Nasīʾ, "postponement"), also Romanized as Nasii or Nasie, was an aspect of the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar, mentioned in the Quran in the context of the "four forbidden months". In pre-Islamic Arabia, the decision of "postponement" had been administered by the Banu Kinanah, by a man known as the Qalammas (pl. qalāmisa). Different interpretations of its meaning have been proposed.

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