Islamic mysticism

Sufism () is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam that is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism, and asceticism.

thumb|200px|right|Dervish with a lion and a tiger, Mughal painting, thumb|200px|right|Ottoman Turks|Ottoman Dervish portrayed by [[Amedeo Preziosi, , Muzeul Naţional de Artă al României]]

Alawites () are an ethnoreligious group, many of whom identify as Arabs, who live primarily in Syria and elsewhere in the Levant. They follow Alawism, an offshoot of Shia Islam as a ghulat branch during the ninth century. Alawites venerate Ali ibn Abi Talib, the "first Imam" in the Twelver school, as a manifestation of the divine essence. It is the only ghulat sect still in existence today. The group was founded during the ninth century by Ibn Nusayr, who was a disciple of the tenth Twelver Imam, Ali al-Hadi, and of the eleventh Twelver Imam, Hasan al-Askari. For this reason, Alawites are also

Bektashism (, ) is a Sufi order of Islam that evolved in 13th-century western Anatolia and became widespread in the Ottoman Empire. It is named after the walī (saint) Haji Bektash Veli, with adherents called Bektashis. Origins of Haji Bektash's teachings can be traced back to the scholar Ahmad Yasawi of Turkestan. The highest title in Bektashi chain of succession is Dedebaba, followed by Halifebaba and Baba.

In the Muslim world, the marabout () is a descendant of Muhammad (Arabic: سـيّد, romanized: sayyid and sidi in the Maghreb) and a Muslim religious leader and teacher who historically had the function of a chaplain serving as a part of an Islamic army, notably in North Africa and the Sahara region, in West Africa, and historically in the Maghreb.

seven levels or divisions of the Heavens in religious or mythological cosmology

Hurufism ( ḥurūfiyyah, Persian: حُروفیان horūfiyān) is a form of Islamic numerology based on the mysticism of letters (ḥurūf), essentially being the Islamic equivalent of gematria. It originated in the Sufi circles of Astrabad and spread to areas of western Iran (Persia), Anatolia, and the Balkans in the late 14th and early 15th centuries.

The Mouride brotherhood (, aṭ-Ṭarīqat al-Murīdiyyah or simply , al-Murīdiyyah) is a large tariqa (Sufi order) most prominent in Senegal and The Gambia with headquarters in the city of Touba, which is a holy city for the order. Adherents are called Mourides, from the Arabic word murīd (literally "one who desires"), a term used generally in Sufism to designate a disciple of a spiritual guide. The beliefs and practices of the Mourides constitute Mouridism. Mouride disciples call themselves taalibé in Wolof and must undergo a ritual of allegiance called njebbel, as it is considered highly importan

In Islam, irfan (Arabic/Persian/Urdu: ; ), literally 'knowledge, awareness, wisdom', is a concept in Islamic mysticism akin to gnosis, or spiritual knowledge.

thumb|a depiction of Futuwwas Futuwwa (Arabic: فتوة, "young-manliness") was a conception of adolescent moral behavior around which myriad institutions of Medieval confraternity developed. With characteristics similar to chivalry and virtue, these communal associations of Arab men gained significant influence as stable social units that exerted religious, military, and political influence in much of the Islamic world.

Indonesian islamist (1905–1961)