January Uprising

Polish national uprising against the Russian occupation of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

1863 treaty between Russia and Prussia

also known as Temporary National Government for part of that period

unofficial motto of Poland

thumbnail|Scythemen of the 2nd Kraków Grenadier Regiment in 1794. thumbnail|Polish scythemen of the January Uprising in 1863–1864. thumbnail|Scythemen in 1831, led by Emilia Plater. Gouache by [[Jan Rosen.]] Scythemen, also known as scythe-bearers is the term for soldiers (often peasants and townspeople) armed with war scythes. First appearing in the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794, scythemen quickly became one of the symbols of the struggle for Polish independence and for the emancipation of the serfs.

Polish insurrectionary organisation

insurrectionists during the January Uprising

political faction during the January Uprising

Polish military unit

Belarusian language newspaper

military unit

Polish politician, colonel of the insurgent forces in the January Uprising