Jazz terminology

Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its roots are in blues, ragtime, European harmony, African rhythmic rituals, spirituals, hymns, marches, vaudeville song, and dance music. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a major form of musical expression in traditional and popular music. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, complex chords, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation.

Blues is a music genre and musical form that originated among African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the 1860s. Blues has incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads from the African-American culture. The blues form is ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues, and rock and roll, and is characterized by the call-and-response pattern, the blues scale, and specific chord progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues is the most common. Blue notes (or "worried notes"), usually thirds, fifths or sevenths flattened in pit

thumb|Musical notation for the chorus of "Jingle Bells"

Bebop or bop is a style of jazz developed in the early to mid-1940s in the United States. It is characterized by a fast tempo, complex chord progressions—with rapid chord changes, changes of key, and substitute chords—along with virtuosic improvisation based on a combination of harmonic structure, scales, and occasional references to the melody.

later version of a song recorded by an earlier performer

music genre

In music, syncopation is a variety of rhythms played together to make a piece of music, making part or all of a tune or piece of music off-beat. More simply, syncopation is "a disturbance or interruption of the regular flow of rhythm": a "placement of rhythmic stresses or accents where they wouldn't normally occur". It is the correlation of at least two sets of time intervals.

In Western musical theory, a cadence () is the end of a phrase in which the melody or harmony creates a sense of full or partial resolution, especially in music of the 16th century onwards. A harmonic cadence is a progression of two or more chords that concludes a phrase, section, or piece of music. A rhythmic cadence is a characteristic rhythmic pattern that indicates the end of a phrase. A cadence can be labeled "weak" or "strong" depending on the impression of finality it gives.

Boogie-woogie also known as boogie is a genre of blues music that became popular during the late 1920s, but already developed in African-American communities since the 1870s. It was eventually extended from piano to piano duo and trio, guitar, big band, country and western, and gospel. While standard blues traditionally expresses a variety of emotions, boogie-woogie is mainly dance music (although not usually played for the competitive dance known as boogie-woogie, a term of convenience in that sport). The genre had a significant influence on rhythm and blues and rock and roll.

style of jazz music

sub-genre of jazz associated with the U.S. West Coast

subgenre of jazz that is an extension of bebop (or "bop") music

musical event

music term; note that for expressive purposes is sung or played at a slightly different pitch than standard

instrument for which music is conventionally written transposed to a different pitch

thumb|right|350px|Polyrhythm: Tuplet|Triplets over duplets in all four beats[[File:Polyrhythm.mid]] thumb|right|2:3 polyrhythm (cross rhythm) as bounce inside oval

succession formed by the repetition of a melodic or harmonic motif at a higher or lower degree

Jazz technique

musical composition considered an important part of the musical repertoire of jazz musicians; composition that is widely known, performed, and recorded by jazz musicians, and widely known by listeners

chord with notes of a different key than the corresponding one, with chromatic alterations

contrasting section of music

up-tempo blues usually played by small groups and featuring horns

succession of two distinct phrases usually played by different musicians (in music)

jazz piano style

prominent chord progression in popular music

instrumental or percussion section during a musical composition

subgenre of experimental music

style of jazz performance

form of jazz in the United States and Britain that flourished from the 1930s to 1960s

musical score describing the essential elements of a song

the musical technique of lengthening or widening of rhythm or interval

common 32-bar chord progression in jazz

musical group whose live albums and concerts relate to a unique fan culture

ending of a musical composition that may take the form of a coda or outro

In music, a cross-beat or cross-rhythm is a specific form of polyrhythm. The term cross rhythm was introduced in 1934 by the musicologist Arthur Morris Jones (1889–1980). It refers to a situation where the rhythmic conflict found in polyrhythms is the basis of an entire musical piece.

common chord progression

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stock pattern or phrase in music consisting of a short series of notes

song structure commonly found in U.S. popular music in the early 20th century; consists of 4 sections: an 8-bar A section; a second 8-bar A section, similar to the 1st; an 8-bar B section, with contrasting harmony; and a final 8-bar A section

Neo-bop (also called neotraditionalist) refers to a style of jazz that gained popularity in the 1980s among musicians who found greater aesthetic affinity for acoustically based, swinging, melodic forms of jazz than for free jazz and jazz fusion that had gained prominence in the 1960s and 1970s. Neo-bop is distinct from previous bop music due to the influence of trumpeter Wynton Marsalis, who popularized the genre as an artistic and academic endeavor opposed to the countercultural developments of the beat generation.

harmonic progression used in jazz

jazz harmonic progression

musical chord with rhythmic unison