Judiciaries

thumb|The Supreme Court of the United States is the [[highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States.]] thumb|The separation of powers: [[legislature, executive and judiciary.]]

In law, an appeal is the process in which cases are reviewed by a higher authority, where parties request a formal change to an official decision. Appeals function both as a process for error correction as well as a process of clarifying and interpreting law. Although appellate courts have existed for thousands of years, common law countries did not incorporate an affirmative right to appeal into their jurisprudence until the 19th century.

penalty or other mean of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law

legal system where the court (or a part) is actively involved in investigating the facts of the case, as opposed to an adversarial system where the role of the court is primarily that of an impartial referee between the prosecution and the defense

type of legal system

notion that judges should not be beholden to political pressures

An inquest is a judicial inquiry in common law jurisdictions, particularly one held to determine the cause of a person's death. Conducted by a judge, jury, or government official, an inquest may or may not require an autopsy carried out by a coroner or medical examiner. Generally, inquests are conducted only when deaths are sudden or unexplained. An inquest may be called at the behest of a coroner, judge, prosecutor, or, in some jurisdictions, upon a formal request from the public. A coroner's jury may be convened to assist in this type of proceeding. Inquest can also mean such a jury and the

highest jurisdiction in the French judiciary order

ways courts interpret laws, especially Constitutional laws

judge who carries out pre-trial investigations into allegations of crime

branch police organisation

type of court in which trials take place

highest authority in Albania’s legal system

judicial interpretation ideology advocating hesitance to set precedent

legal ruling by a court which does not state which judge authored the decision

the power of the judiciary or of the executive to make some legal decisions according to their discretion

the legal profession as an institution

service as a juror in a legal proceeding

authorization to practice as a barrister