Justification (epistemology)

Dogma, in its broadest sense, is any belief held definitively and without the possibility of reform. It may be in the form of an official system of principles or doctrines of a religion, such as Judaism, Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, or Islam, the positions of a philosopher or philosophical school, such as Stoicism, and political belief systems such as fascism, socialism, progressivism, liberalism, and conservatism.

In philosophy, empiricism is an epistemological view which holds that true knowledge or justification comes either only or primarily from sensory experience and empirical evidence. It is one of several competing views within epistemology, along with rationalism and skepticism.

two types of knowledge, justification, or argument

interpretation of probability as a measure of the degree of belief of an individual assessing the uncertainty of a particular situation

psychological defense mechanism in which controversial behaviors or feelings are justified and explained in a seemingly rational or logical manner to avoid the true explanation

in epistemology, the reason why someone properly holds a belief, the explanation as to why the belief is a true one, or an account of how one knows what one knows

thought experiment about the impossibility of proving any truth: in response to repeated "but why?"s, only the circular argument, infinite regress, or axiomatic argument are possible

situation in which an individual cannot or is incapable of avoiding a problem because of contradictory constraints or rules

philosophical terms

PRE-CONCEIVED ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION FOR DECODIFICATION

philosophical problem about knowledge

Hypothetical scenario debating the justifications of torture

when universalizable abstract principles are reflectively found to be in equilibrium with particular intuitive judgements

problem in epistemology that any proposition can be endlessly questioned

philosophical approach

set of philosophical theories

attempts to claim genocide is a moral action