Khanates of the North Caucasus

The Khazars () were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who established a major commercial empire in the late 6th century CE spanning the south of modern European Russia, southern Ukraine, and western Kazakhstan. It was the most powerful polity to emerge from the break-up of the Western Turkic Khaganate. Astride a major artery of commerce between Eastern Europe and Southwestern Asia, Khazaria became one of the foremost trading empires of the early medieval world, commanding the western marches of the Silk Road and playing a key commercial role as a crossroad between China, the Middle East, and Kievan

1804–1813 conflict

series of wars between Persia and Russia

Muslim state 13th to 19th century

Various administrative units in the South Caucasus governed by a hereditary or appointed ruler under the official rule of Iran.

historical Azerbaijani khanate

Kumyk state in the eastern part of the North Caucasus

Kumyk state formation