Knights

thumb|A 14th-century depiction of the 13th-century German knight Hartmann von Aue, from the [[Codex Manesse]]

Mamluk or Mamaluk (; (singular), , mamālīk (plural); translated as "one who is owned", meaning "slave") were non-Arab, ethnically diverse (mostly Turkic, Caucasian, Mongol, Eastern and Southeastern European) enslaved mercenaries, slave-soldiers, and freed slaves who were assigned high-ranking military and administrative duties in the Muslim world. They were purchased as military slaves, converted to Islam, and trained in martial and courtly skills. Upon completion of their training they were manumitted but remained part of the ruling military caste, forming elite regiments and, in some periods

Sir is a formal honorific address in English for men, derived from Sire in the High Middle Ages. Both are derived from the old French "" (Lord), brought to England by the French-speaking Normans, and which now exists in French only as part of "" .

thumb| Wolfram von Eschenbach and his squire ([[Codex Manesse, 14th century)]] thumb|The Squire - Ellesmere Chaucer

A knight-villein (Cavaleiro-vilão in Portuguese, caballero villano in Spanish) was a free plebeian horsemen who owned land, weapons and a horse, despite not being part of the nobility, being prominent in medieval Portugal, Castile and Leon.